Table 3.

Patient characteristics and outcome according to head trauma

Variables	Head trauma (n = 176)	Non-head trauma (n = 72)	p
Age, years	36 [23–54]	35 [24–49]	0.86
Sex, men	127 (72.0)	54 (75.0)	0.65
BMI, kg/m²	24 [22–26]	24 [23–26]	0.36
Initial trauma condition
Glasgow Coma Scale	6 [4–10]	15 [14–15]	< 0.001
Head injury
Intracranial hypertension	80 (45.5)	0 (0.0)	–
Surgery in the first 24 h	84 (47.7)	58 (80.6)	< 0.001
SAPS2	48 ± 16	42 ± 17	< 0.001
Severity of the trauma
ISS	34 [25–43]	27 [23–41]	0.02
AIS head or neck	5 [4–5]	0 [0–0]	–
AIS chest	2 [0–3]	3 [0–3]	0.02
AIS abdomen or pelvic	0 [0–0]	2 [0–4]	< 0.001
AIS extremities	0 [0–2]	0 [0–3]	0.10
AIS rachis	0 [0–2]	0 [0–3]	0.02
Treatments
Mechanical ventilation	130 (74.2)	33 (45.8)	< 0.001
Acetaminophen	115 (65.3)	44 (61.1)	0.53
Benzodiazepine	109 (61.9)	27 (37.5)	< 0.001
Opioids	144 (81.8)	58 (80.6)	0.82
Neuro-muscular blockers	34 (19.3)	3 (4.2)	0.002
Ketamine	22 (12.5)	2 (2.8)	0.02
Craniectomy	13 (7.4)	0 (0.0)	–
Transfusion	0 [0–2]	0 [0–6]	< 0.001
In-hospital transport	92 (52.3)	43 (59.7)	0.28
Outcome
28-day mortality	37 (21.0)	8 (11.1)	0.07
Days on mechanical ventilation	7 [4–14]	4 [1–9]	< 0.001
Days on vasopressor infusion	2 [1–4]	2 [1–4]	0.40
Day in the ICU stay	10 [5–20]	8 [4–14]	0.14
Days in the hospital	13 [7–24]	10 [6–15]	0.10
Temperature rhythm
Period	24 [22–48]	24 [22–46]	0.42
Mesor	37.5 [37.1–37.7]	37.6 [37.2–38.0]	0.01
Amplitude	0.35 [0.27–0.55]	0.34 [0.26–0.54]	0.63

Results are expressed as median [IQR] for quantitative variables and number (%) for categorical variables

BMI Body mass index, SAPS2 Severity Assessment Physiology Score 2, ISS Injury Severity Score, AIS Abbreviated Injury Scale