Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Dapagliflozin group (n = 168) | Sitagliptin group (n = 163) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male/female) n (%) | 104 (61.9)/64 (38.1) | 95 (58.3)/68 (41.7) | 0.57 |
| Age (years) | 58.3 ± 12.4 | 57.9 ± 12.1 | 0.71 |
| Body weight (kg) | 74.5 ± 13.4 | 74.9 ± 15.0 | 0.84 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 4.0 | 27.9 ± 4.2 | 0.76 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.6 ± 15.9 | 132.8 ± 15.7 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.5 ± 12.1 | 79.1 ± 11.0 | 0.25 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.0 ± 6.4 | 5.6 ± 5.8 | 0.47 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 151.7 ± 33.4 | 152.1 ± 30.7 | 0.92 |
| HbA1c (NGSP %) | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 0.90 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 61.2 ± 8.4 | 61.2 ± 8.3 | 0.90 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 79.0 ± 18.5 | 78.9 ± 16.9 | 0.97 |
| Current smoking | 45 (26.8) | 47 (28.8) | 0.71 |
| Microvascular complications | |||
| Diabetic retinopathy | 12 (7.6) | 10 (6.7) | 0.83 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 15 (9.1) | 33 (20.5) | 0.005 |
| Diabetic neuropathy | 12 (7.5) | 7 (4.5) | 0.35 |
| Macrovascular complications | |||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | 1.00 |
| Coronary disease | 7 (4.2) | 4 (2.5) | 0.54 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.6) | 1.00 |
| Anti-diabetic drugs | 100 (59.5) | 95 (58.3) | 0.82 |
| Biguanides | 100 (59.5) | 95 (58.3) | 0.82 |
| Dose of biguanides (mg) | 561.9 ± 630.0 | 523.8 ± 577.3 | 0.57 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 71 (42.3) | 73 (44.8) | 0.66 |
| Diuretic drugs | 10 (6.0) | 20 (12.3) | 0.06 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 53 (31.5) | 49 (30.1) | 0.81 |
| ACE inhibitors | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) | 0.62 |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | 52 (31.0) | 60 (36.8) | 0.30 |
| β-blockers | 5 (3.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.21 |
| α-blockers | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.2) | 0.62 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 72 (42.9) | 71 (43.6) | 0.91 |
| Statins | 60 (35.7) | 56 (34.4) | 0.82 |
| Fibrates | 12 (7.1) | 9 (5.5) | 0.65 |
| Ezetimibe | 5 (3.0) | 7 (4.3) | 0.57 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid | 2 (1.2) | 5 (3.1) | 0.28 |
Data are presented as frequency (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation, as appropriate. P-values for between-group comparisons were obtained using the Student t-test and Fisher’s exact test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively
BMI body mass index, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, NGSP National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACE angiotensin converting enzyme