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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 7.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Aug 6;1454(1):68–79. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14214

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Mechanisms for brain adaptation to hypoglycemia leading to hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). In red are strategies for interrupting HAAF based on central signaling pathways. In blue are strategies for preventing/reversing HAAF based on hypoglycemia avoidance.