Figure 5.

Activation states of MPK3 and MPK6 induced by Vd-toxins in wild-type Arabidopsis Columbia-0 (Col-0) and atrbohD, atrbohF, and atrbohD/F mutants. A, The kinase activities of MPK3 and MPK6 were measured in the wild type and the atrbohD, atrbohF, and atrbohD/F mutants. Seedlings (7 d old) of the wild type and mutants were treated with 200 μg mL⁻¹ Vd-toxins, and total proteins were then extracted after 30 min for immunoblot analysis. β-Actin was used as the loading control. Results are presented three independent biological replicates. B, Quantification of the kinase activities of MPK3 and MPK6 in A using ImageJ software. Error bars indicate sd; n = 3. Different letters represent significant differences at P < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s honestly significant difference posthoc tests.