Table 2. Organelle parameters and gold density labeling of GLDP in tissues of Neurachninae species.

Values are from planar cross sections of TEM images. Mean ± se; n = 3 plants per species; 10 images per plant. Values followed by the same letter in each row are not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) using a Tukey’s post hoc test for normally distributed data (*) and a Games–Howell test for all other data. See Supplemental Table S3 for peroxisome area per protoplast area. PK, Proto-Kranz phenotype.

Parameter by Tissue Type	Completely C3 Species			C3 PK	Modest C2a	C2 Speciesb	C4 Species
	T. mitchelliana	N. queenslandica	N. alopecuroidea	N. annularis	N. lanigera	N. minor	N. munroi	N. muelleri
Area per chloroplast, μm2
Mestome sheath	0.6 ± 0.2 a	4.1 ± 0.6 a	3.4 ± 0.4 a	3 ± 0.3 a	3.5 ± 0.3 a	8.3 ± 0.8 b	19.2 ± 1 b	8.6 ± 0.5 b
Mesophyll	5.4 ± 0.4 a	8.9 ± 0.7 b	6.4 ± 0.4 a	7.5 ± 0.4 a	6.8 ± 0.4 a	6.7 ± 0.3 a	10.6 ± 0.9 b	6.6 ± 0.4 a
Parenchymatous sheath	3.5 ± 0.5 a,b	4.8 ± 1 b	2.8 ± 0.3 a	2.9 ± 0.2 a	2.3 ± 0.3 a	3.7 ± 0.3 a,b	7.7 ± 0.4 c	3.4 ± 0.2 a,b
Area per mitochondrion, μm2
Mestome sheath	0.08 ± 0.02 a	0.21 ± 0.04 a	0.22 ± 0.02 a	0.3 ± 0.03 b	0.3 ± 0.02 b	0.36 ± 0.02 b	0.42 ± 0.02 c	0.32 ± 0.02 b
Mesophyll	0.24 ± 0.06 a,b	0.31 ± 0.03 b	0.21 ± 0.03 a	0.28 ± 0.02 a,b	0.25 ± 0.02 a,b	0.21 ± 0.02 a	0.37 ± 0.03 c	0.25 ± 0.02 a,b
Parenchymatous sheath	0.15 ± 0.02 a	0.21 ± 0.02 a	0.15 ± 0.01 a	0.16 ± 0.01 a	0.18 ± 0.01 a	0.21 ± 0.03 a	0.37 ± 0.05 b	0.21 ± 0.03 a
Chloroplast area/protoplast area, %
Mestome sheath	1.4 ± 0.4 a	12.9 ± 2.7 b	12.2 ± 2.9 b	16.4 ± 1.9 b	27.5 ± 2.8 c	46.5 ± 3.3 d	74.2 ± 2.4 e	38.7 ± 1.7 d
Mesophyll	15.7 ± 1.2 a,b	21.6 ± 1.9 a,b	38.2 ± 2.4 d	33.4 ± 2.2 c,d	24.4 ± 1.9 b,c	21.4 ± 1.8 a,b	18.8 ± 1.9 a,b	11.4 ± 1.0 a
Parenchymatous sheath	4.7 ± 0.8 a,b	16.3 ± 3.8 c	8.0 ± 1.0 c	4.2 ± 0.5 a	4.7 ± 0.6 a,b	6.5 ± 0.7 a,b,c	11.0 ± 1.0 c	7.3 ± 0.8 b,c
Chloroplast #/protoplast area, μm−2 × 10−3
Mestome sheath	20.0 ± 4.7 a	32.4 ± 7.2 a,b	34.8 ± 7.5 a,b	56.3 ± 5.9 b,c	84.0 ± 8.7 c	62.6 ± 4.9 b,c	41.9 ± 2.6 b	47.8 ± 2.3 b
Mesophyll*	29.9 ± 2.2 c	26.8 ± 1.8 c,b	58.4 ± 3.3 a	45.3 ± 2.6 b	36.7 ± 3.2 c	30.7 ± 1.9 c	19.0 ± 1.6 d,e	17.5 ± 1.1 e
Parenchymatous sheath	13.1 ± 1.6 a	33.3 ± 5.5 c	27.5 ± 1.7 c	14.9 ± 1.4 a,b	20.3 ± 2.0 a,b,c	18.6 ± 1.6 a,b,c	15.7 ± 1.8 a,b	21.4 ± 2.0 b,c
Mitochondrion area/protoplast area, %
Mestome sheath	0.5 ± 0.1 a	1.4 ± 0.4 a,b	3.4 ± 0.7 b	8.2 ± 0.8 c	10.6 ± 1.1 c	9.1 ± 0.8 c	2.2 ± 0.2 b	1.6 ± 0.1 b
Mesophyll	0.4 ± 0. 1 a	0.8 ± 0.1 b,c	1.6 ± 0.2 d,e	1.8 ± 0.2 e	1.2 ± 0.2 c,d	0.6 ± 0.1 a,b,c	1.0 ± 0.1 c,d	0.5 ± 0.1 a,b
Parenchymatous sheath	0.2 ± 0.0 a	1.0 ± 0.2 b,c,d	0.9 ± 0.1 b,c	0.5 ± 0.1 b	1.0 ± 0.1 c,d	0.7 ± 0.1 b	1.4 ± 0.2 d	0.8 ± 0.1 b,c
Mitochondrion #/protoplast area, μm−2 × 10−3
Mestome sheath	47 ± 24 a	100 ± 25 b,c	164 ± 24 c,d	313 ± 23 e,f	389 ± 24 f	246 ± 24 d,e	53 ± 24 a,b	53 ± 24 a,b
Mesophyll	1.8 ± 0.2 a	2.9 ± 0.3 a,b	7.0 ± 0.7 c	6.8 ± 0.6 c	5.2 ± 0.8 b,c	2.4 ± 0.3 a	2.8 ± 0.3 a,b	2.2 ± 0.2 a
Parenchymatous sheath	1.2 ± 0.2 a	4.9 ± 0.8 b,c	5.6 ± 0.6 b,c	3.4 ± 0.3 c	6.0 ± 0.6 b	3.5 ± 0.4 c	4.3 ± 0.5 b,c	3.5 ± 0.5 c
Gold particles/mitochondrion area, µm−2
Mestome sheath	7.0 ± 3.5 a	47.3 ± 3.7 b,c	28.7 ± 3.5 b	37.4 ± 3.4 b,c	42.3 ± 3.5 bc	49.8 ± 3.5 c	23.8 ± 3.5 b	28.1 ± 3.5 b
Mesophyll	86.4 ± 5.8 a	53.1 ± 3.5 a	44.1 ± 2.1 a,b	46.1 ± 2.4 a	20.3 ± 1.7 b	2.2 ± 0.3 c	1.5 ± 0.3 c	2.0 ± 0.3 c
Parenchymatous sheath	53.9 ± 4.7 a	25.4 ± 2.4 a	16.2 ± 1.7 a	18.5 ± 1.3 a	4.0 ± 0.6 b	2.5 ± 0.4 b	1.3 ± 0.3 b	3.3 ± 0.7 b
Gold particles/protoplast area, μm−2
Mestome sheath	0.07 ± 0.28 a	0.84 ± 0.29 b,c	1.45 ± 0.28 c	2.92 ± 0.27 d	4.42 ± 0.28 d	4.39 ± 0.27 d	0.50 ± 0.27 b	0.44 ± 0.28 b
Mesophyll	0.32 ± 0.04 a,b	0.42 ± 0.06 a,b	0.76 ± 0.12 a,b	0.83 ± 0.09 a	0.29 ± 0.06 b	0.01 ± 0.00c	0.01 ± 0.00 c	0.01 ± 0.00 c
Parenchymatous sheath	0.13 ± 0.02a	0.19 ± 0.03 a	0.15 ± 0.02 a	0.10 ± 0.01 a	0.04 ± 0.01 b	0.02 ± 0.00 b	0.02 ± 0.00 b	0.02 ± 0.00 b

^aIncomplete C₂ phenotype.

^bComplete C₂ phenotype, where all GDC is in the MS compartment.