Table 1.
Monitoring women with invasive breast cancer non-invasively: potential urinary biomarkers
| 1st author | Study year |
PMID | Study title | Urinary biomarkers | Details | Study, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moses et al. | 1998 | 9537238 | Increased incidences of matrix metalloproteinases in urine of cancer patients | MMP-2 MMP-9 MMP-9/NGAL |
The MMP-2 ' s, −9 ' s and the MMP-9/NGAL complex ' s urinary levels significantly correlated with breast cancer progression and metastasis | 9 |
| | ||||||
| Roy et al. | 2004 | 15381692 | ADAM 12 cleaves extracellular matrix proteins and correlates with cancer status and stage | ADAM12 | Significant increase of urinary ADAM12 levels were observed with progression of disease | 117 |
| | ||||||
| Fern á ndez et al. | 2005 | 16061852 | The matrix metallopro-teinase-9/neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin complex plays a role in breast tumor growth and is present in the urine of breast cancer patients | MMP-9/NGAL | MMP-9/NGAL-Complex was present in 86.36% urines of BC patients while being absent in controls | 49 |
| | ||||||
| Hiramatsu et al. | 2005 | PMC3389634 | N 1 N 12 -diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) as a sensitive and specific novel marker for early- and late-stage colorectal and breast cancer | DiAcSpm | DiAcSpm was significantly upregulated in 80.3% of urines of women with late-stage and metastasized breast cancer as compared to a healthy control cohort and accounted for higher sensitivity than serum CEA and CA 15.3. | 134 |
| | ||||||
| Yang et al. | 2009 | 19237579 | Lipocalin 2 promotes breast cancer progression | Lipocalin 2 (NGAL) |
Lcn2 levels were significantly increased in urines of MBC patients (n = 20) as compared to normal controls (n = 46); (p = 0.03) | 46 |
| | ||||||
| Beretov et al. | 2015 | 26544852 | Proteomic analysis of urine to identify breast cancer biomarker candidates using a label-free LC-MS/MS approach | AGRIN NEGR1 FIBA, KIC10 |
In an MS analysis of women with MBC, AGRIN, NEGR1, FIBA, and KIC10 were detected to be exclusively elevated in MBC urine samples, but missing in DCIS, IBC and BBD urines | 26 |
| | ||||||
| Erbes et al. | 2015 | 25886191 | Feasibility of urinary microRNA detection in breast cancer patients and its potential as an innovative non-invasive biomarker | miR-155 miR-21 miR-125b miR451 | Four novel microRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed in urine concentration of women with breast cancer (n = 24) compared to healthy controls (n = 24) | 48 |