Table 2.
Monitoring women with invasive breast cancer non-invasively: potential urinary biomarkers for bone metastasis
| 1st Author |
Study year |
PMID | Study title | Urinary biomarkers | Details | Study, n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yadav et al. | 1993 | 8138660 | CA 15.3 with urinary calcium excretion is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of bone metastases from breast cancer | Urinary Ca 2 + | Multiplexed with serum CA 15-3, urine levels of Ca 2 + accounted for a 90% correct identification of MBC patients | 73 |
| | ||||||
| Houz é et al. | 1999 | 10217629 | Urinary carboxyterminal telopeptide of collagen I as a potential marker of bone metastases chemotherapy monitoring in breast cancer | CTX | CTX was significantly elevated in urines of breast cancer-positive bone metastases compared to healthy pre- and postmenopausal controls (p < 0.01) | 144 |
| | ||||||
| Ulrich et al. | 2001 | 11205705 | Cross-linked type I collagen C- and N-telopeptides in women with bone metastases from breast cancer | NTx | NTx had a sensitivity and specificity of 44% and 79% respectively in identifying BM from breast cancer (p < 0.01) | 106 |
| | ||||||
| Cloos et al. | 2003 | PMC165019 | Breast cancer patients with bone metastases are characterised by increased levels of nonisomerised type I collagen fragments | α CTX | Nonisomerized alpha CTX peptides showed to be increasingly released into urines of women with bone metastases | 178 |
| | ||||||
| Cloos et al. | 2004 | 15209436 | An immunoassay for measuring fragments of newly synthesized collagen type I produced during metastatic invasion of bone | αα CTX | αα CTX levels were higher concentrated in urines of MBC patients compared to IBC without bone involvement and normal controls with a significance of p = 0.005 and p < 0.0001, respectively | 156 |
| | ||||||
| Leeming et al. | 2006 | 16835341 | Alpha CTX as a biomarker of skeletal invasion of breast cancer: immunolocalization and the load dependency of urinary excretion | αα CTX | Bone metastases load correlates with the increase in urinary αα CTX levels | 40 |
| | ||||||
| Leeming et al. | 2006 | 16434583 | The Relative Use of Eight Collagenous and Noncollagenous Markers for Diagnosis of Skeletal Metastases in Breast, Prostate, or Lung Cancer Patients | αα CTX ββ CTX NTX |
Of the eight potential bone turnover markers tested, the three urinary-based αα CTX, ββ CTX and NTX were significantly higher concentrated in breast cancer patients with BM compared to those without | 90 |
| | ||||||
| Wu et al. | 2016 | 27647403 | Clinical significance of combined detection of urine NTX and serum ICTP for breast cancer patients with bone metastases | NTx | Urinary NTx was significantly higher in urines of BC patients with BM as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05) and significantly decreased with successful treatment (p < 0.05) | 98 |