Table 2.
Fold-difference in solute fractional excretion in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with preserved eGFR versus healthy
| Solute | Serum or Plasma Concentrationa | Fractional Excretionb | Fold-Difference in Fractional Excretion ADPKD versus Healthy (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADPKD eGFR ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n=31 | Healthy, n=25 | ADPKD eGFR ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n=31 | Healthy, n=25 | Adjustedc | P Value | |
| Cinnamoylglycine | 16.7 (8.5–24.4) | 8.1 (4.5–14.1) | 0.56 (0.31–0.87) | 1.17 (0.89–1.39) | 0.48 (0.30 to 0.76) | 0.002d |
| Dimethyluric acid | 9.7 (2.9–27.5) | 14.6 (3.2–18.8) | 4.02 (2.80–5.06) | 4.89 (4.00–8.14) | 0.54 (0.25 to 1.18) | 0.12 |
| Hippurate | 531 (239–946) | 635 (424–892) | 3.00 (1.96–3.89) | 3.76 (3.19–4.57) | 0.65 (0.42 to 1.01) | 0.05 |
| Indoxyl sulfate | 738 (549–1021) | 455 (314–656) | 0.36 (0.28–0.48) | 0.38 (0.33–0.47) | 0.92 (0.62 to 1.38) | 0.68 |
| Isovalerylglycine | 3.8 (2.5–4.7) | 5.6 (3.7–6.3) | 2.23 (1.44–3.22) | 3.13 (2.86–3.76) | 0.55 (0.33 to 0.89) | 0.02 |
| Kynurenic acid | 8.8 (6.6–11.4) | 9.1 (8.3–10.6) | 1.41 (0.98–2.49) | 0.91 (0.73–1.19) | 1.45 (0.93 to 2.25) | 0.09 |
| P-cresol sulfate | 2846 (1434–3620) | 1942 (860–3736) | 0.09 (0.07–0.12) | 0.13 (0.10–0.15) | 0.71 (0.46 to 1.09) | 0.12 |
| Pyridoxic acid | 5.3 (3.9–10.2) | 4.7 (4.1–6.2) | 4.53 (3.10–5.86) | 4.82 (4.46–5.23) | 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32) | 0.57 |
| Tiglylglycine | 4.3 (2.8–6.1) | 3.6 (2.6–4.5) | 1.55 (0.99–2.29) | 2.94 (2.25–3.28) | 0.47 (0.29 to 0.77) | 0.004d |
| Trimethyluric acid | 0.5 (0.3–1.1) | 0.9 (0.3–1.7) | 1.93 (0.78–2.69) | 2.83 (2.39–3.76) | 0.50 (0.29 to 0.88) | 0.02 |
| Xanthosine | 28.7 (10.3–81.2) | 3.1 (2.9–3.9) | 0.12 (0.05–0.35) | 1.33 (1.26–1.77) | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.17) | <0.001d |
ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.
a
Serum or plasma concentration (nanograms per milliliter) expressed as median (interquartile range).
b
Fractional excretion expressed as median (interquartile range).
c
Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, eGFR calculated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, and urine microalbumin-to-creatinine ratio.
d
Statistically significant after Bonferroni correction at P value threshold of <0.01.