Fig 1. Workflow of 4D displacement microscopy around in vitro angiogenic sprouts.

(a) SPIM setup with mounted sample (see S1 and S2 Figs for specifications). (b) SPIM-compatible in vitro model of angiogenesis showing endothelial cells invading and sprouting into a collagen gel with embedded fluorescent beads. (c) Live fluorescence cell imaging of the sprouts and beads captures cell-matrix mechanical interactions and allows mapping sprout-induced matrix deformations by (d) registering the fluorescent beads and sprout segmentation in time.