Figure 2.

Ideal irrigation flow pattern of an intravenous port and central venous catheter. A: Ideal irrigation flow pattern of an intravenous port: Vortex within the injection chamber followed by laminar flow within the attached catheter. (Black circle: Needle shaft of non-coring needle. Blue ovoid: Opening of non-coring needle. Yellow circle: Opening of injection chamber. Black arrow: Flow direction. B: Ideal irrigation flow pattern of central venous catheter: laminar flow within the whole catheter. C: Flow pattern of connecting tube of a non-coring needle. D: Vortex was noted at the junction site and residual blood clot remaining in the Y-connector.