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. 2020 Jan 7;11:64. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13720-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a–c Wave velocities (V_P and V_S) and densities (ρ) of MORB along different mantle geotherms. The normal mantle geotherm is from Brown and Shankland (1981)⁴⁷. Red, pink, orange, and blue lines represent V_P, V_S, and ρ of MORB along the mantle geotherms with variable temperature anomalies relative to the normal mantle geotherm. Temperature anomalies for red, pink, orange, and blue lines are + 1000 K, + 500 K, 0 K, and 500 K, respectively. Green lines are PREM values⁶⁹. MORB³²: 39% Fe- and Al-bearing bridgmanite (Mg_0.58Fe_0.16Al_0.26Si_0.74Al_0.26O₃), 30% Ca-perovskite (CaSiO₃), 16% SiO₂, and 15% Fe-bearing CF-type phase (Na_0.4Mg_0.48Fe_0.12Al_1.6Si_0.4O₄). (d) (e) (f) the V_P, V_S, and ρ contrasts between MORB and PREM. ∆M = 2(M_MORB-M_PREM)/(M_MORB + M_PREM), M = V_P, V_S, and ρ. M_PREM, green lines in a, b, c; M_MORB, red, orange, or blue lines in a, b, c. The linewidth represents uncertainties caused by the errors for elastic properties (<0.8%) and the variations in the concentration of dilute substitutional solutes (±1 mol%).