Fig. 4. BENSpm and the combination enhance polyamine catabolism and reactive oxygen species production.

Cells were treated with vehicle control (black bars), 1 nM MTDIA (red bars), 1 µM BENSpm (blue bars) or the combination (B + M) (green bars) for 8 days in the presence of 20 µM MTA. a SMOX and b PAOX enzyme activity. Values are indicative of the amount of H₂O₂ produced normalized to protein concentration, relative to vehicle controls. Statistical analyses were performed using an unpaired Student’s t-test with Welch’s correction. c The amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced normalized to cell number in cells containing vector control (PLVP) (blue bars) or thioredoxin reductase 2 (TXNRD2) overexpression (O/E) (purple bars) for LNCaP, C4-2, and CWR22Rv1 cells. d Percent cell proliferation (relative to vehicle control for each condition - PLVP or TXNRD2 O/E) for LNCaP, C4-2, and CWR22Rv1. Results for biological triplicates are shown. Statistical analyses were performed using an unpaired Student’s t-test with Welch’s correction. All values are compared to vehicle control unless otherwise indicated by connecting lines. Error bars represent standard error of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.