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. 2020 Jan 7;11:62. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13959-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Volume rendering of the anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline hydrogel-2 (APPH-2) derived from X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) images, and microCT images display b xy, c yz, and d xz plane, respectively. Scale bars: a–d 100 μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the APPH-2 from view of e perpendicular and f, g parallel to z-axis. Scale bars: e, f 20 μm, respectively; g 2 μm. Yellow arrow in f indicating the z-axis. h Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), i Raman spectra and j X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the PANI, PVA anisotropic hydrogel (PVA-AH), and APPH.