Fig. 3. Structure, channel and proton conduction of thin-film composite membranes.
a The optimized structure. b 3D channels (inner surface: blue). c 2D channel (accessible area: blue) as well as the framework (unaccessible area: red) parallel to y and z-axis. The red, blue, cyan and white represents O, N, C and H atom, respectively. d Transfer through water molecules. e Transfer through carboxyl groups as well as water molecules. Red, blue and white color represents O, C and H atom, respectively.