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. 2020 Jan 7;11:72. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13809-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Left, coronal histological section, showing the extent of AAV-mediated expression of GCaMP6f in the primary motor cortex, M1. Right, schematic of imaging location. b The normalized difference in the rate of spontaneous calcium events for apical dendritic spines in M1. Normalized difference was calculated as post-injection minus pre-injection values normalized by the pre-injection value (ketamine (10 mg/kg): −7 ± 2%, mean ± s.e.m.; saline: −2 ± 2% for saline; P = 0.05, two-sample t-test). For ketamine, n = 124 dendritic spines from 3 animals. For saline, n = 120 dendritic spines from 3 animals. c The normalized difference in amplitude (ketamine (10 mg/kg): −7 ± 2%; saline: −5 ± 2%; P = 0.004, two-sample t-test) and frequency of binned calcium events (2 ± 2% for ketamine; −1 ± 1% for saline; P = 0.3, two-sample t-test). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; n.s., not significant.