Table 1.
Patient characteristics separated on the presence or absence of an expert-measured cardiac output (n = 1075)
| Patients without CO measurement (n = 292) | Patients with CO measurement (n = 783) | p-values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 ± 13 | 61 ± 15 | 0.004 |
| Male gender | 190 (65%) | 484 (62%) | 0.33 |
| BMI (kg m−2) | 26.9 ± 5.3 | 26.9 ± 5.6 | 0.96 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 18 ± 6 | 18 ± 6 | 0.88 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 194 (66%) | 438 (56%) | 0.002 |
| PEEP (cm H2O) | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | 0.83 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113 ± 25 | 120 ± 25 | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 59 ± 12 | 60 ± 12 | 0.44 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 76 ± 14 | 79 ± 14 | 0.014 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 91 ± 22 | 87 ± 21 | 0.002 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 22 (8%) | 56 (7%) | 0.91 |
| Norepinephrine | 168 (58%) | 361 (46%) | < 0.001 |
| CVP (mmHg) | 9 (4–12) | 9 (5–13) | 0.84 |
| Lactate (mmol L−1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.5) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Consciousness | |||
| Alert | 75 (26%) | 254 (32%) | 0.018 |
| Reacting to voice | 49 (17%) | 154 (20%) | |
| Reacting to pain | 22 (8%) | 67 (9%) | |
| Unresponsive | 146 (49%) | 308 (39%) | |
| COPD | 54 (18%) | 88 (11%) | 0.002 |
| Acute surgery | 108 (37%) | 230 (29%)a | 0.017 |
| Post-cardiothoracic surgery | 40 (14%) | 48 (6%) | < 0.001 |
| SAPS-II | 49 ± 17 | 46 ± 17 | 0.004 |
| APACHE IV score | 80 ± 30 | 75 ± 29 | 0.017 |
| 90-day mortality | 80 (27%) | 217 (28%) | 0.97 |
APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, BMI body mass index, bpm beats per minute, CO cardiac output, CVP central venous pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MAP mean arterial pressure, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, SAPS simple acute physiology score, SBP systolic blood pressure
aSignificant overlap with cardiothoracic surgery