Table 1.
Demonstrates some clinical studies and their findings determining the association between MCP-1 and diabetic retinopathy
| Authors/Year | Type of retinopathy | Type of Specimen | Main techniques | Main results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elner et al. 1995 | PDR (n = 30) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Capeans et al. 1998 | PDR (n = 15) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Matsumoto et al. 2002 | DR (n = 43) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in DR patients |
| Tashimo et al. 2004 | PDR (n = 24) | Aqueous humour | ELISA | • Aqueous MCP-1 levels in PDR patients were higher than DR patients |
| Hernandez et al. 2005 | PDR (n = 22) | Vitreous | ELISA | • MCP-1 was strikingly higher in diabetic patients with PDR in compare to the control group |
| El-Asrar et al. 2006 | PDR (n = 88), RD(n = 57) | Vitreous humor and serum | ELISA | • MCP-1 levels in vitreous humor samples from patients with active PDR were significantly higher than in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) |
| • MCP-1 levels in vitreous humor samples were significantly higher than in serum samples | ||||
| Harada et al., 2006a, b | PDR (n = 19), ERM (n = 16) | Epiretinal membrane and cultured Muller cells | IHC | • A significant increase of MCP-1 protein expression in PDR compared with idiopathic ERMs (control group) |
| RT-PCR | ||||
| ELISA | • Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MCP-1 protein is colocalized with active form of NF-kB p50 | |||
| Murugeswari et al. 2008 | PDR (n = 25), macular hole (MH)(n = 25) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients than in MH patients (control group) |
| Ozturk et al. 2009 | PDR (n = 46) and DR (n = 49) | Serum | multiplex bead immunoassay | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in DR and PDR patients than in control |
| • Serum levels of MCP-1 presented a statistically significant increase with the development of DR | ||||
| El-Asrar et al. 2011 | PDR (n = 29) | Vitreous | ELISA | • MPC-1 levels were around twofold higher in active PDR patients in compare to inactive PDR patients |
| Wakabayashi et al. 2011 | DR (n = 41) | Vitreous | Flow cytometry (Cytometric Bead) Array Flex immunoassay | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in active DR patients compared with inactive diabetic patients |
| Suzuki et al. 2011 | PDR (n = 76), ERM and macular hole (n = 23) | Vitreous | array system (Bio-Plex) | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR group than in ERM and macular hole (control group) |
| Zhou et al. 2012 | PDR (n = 62) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Nawaz et al. 2013 | PDR (n = 40) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Yoshida et al. 2015 | PDR (n = 36) | Vitreous | Flow cytometry (cytometric bead array technology) | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Sassa et al. 2016 | PDR (n = 21) | Vitreous | ELISA | • The MCP-1 level was significantly elevated at the time of second surgery compared with the first vitrectomy. |
| Reddy et al. 2017 | PDR (n = 35) and DR (n = 35) | Serum | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in DR and PDR patients than in control |
| El-Asrar et al. 2017 | PDR (n = 47) | Vitreous | ELISA | • A significant increase of MCP-1 in PDR patients |
| Chen et al., 2017a, b | PDR (n = 52) | Aqueous humor, serum | Multiplex bead immunoassay | • There was no significant differences between patients groups (DR and PDR) and non diabetic patients |
| DR (n = 49) | ||||
| Yu et al. 2017 | PDR (n = 10) | Undiluted vitreous humor | ELISA | • MCP-1 level was significantly lower in PDR eyes compared to non diabetic patients |
PDR; proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DR: diabetic retinopathy; ERM: epiretinal membrane; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; RT-PCR: Real time PCR