Table 4. Cox regression analysis for overall survival.
| Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Age (y) | ||||||
| <65 | Reference | |||||
| ≥65 | 0.808 | 0.302–2.162 | 0.672 | |||
| ECOG PS | ||||||
| 0–1 | Reference | |||||
| ≥2 | 2.993 | 1.160–7.723 | 0.023 | |||
| No. of HT | ||||||
| ≤2 | Reference | |||||
| >2 | 1.048 | 0.247–4.453 | 0.949 | |||
| Type of progression at study entry | ||||||
| PSA only | Reference | |||||
| Radiographic progression +/- PSA progression | 0.699 | 0.350–2.020 | 0.699 | |||
| No. of bone lesions | ||||||
| <20 | Reference | |||||
| ≥20 | 1.09 | 0.141–8.435 | 0.934 | |||
| Lymph node involvement | ||||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.943 | 0.415–2.139 | 0.888 | |||
| Visceral metastasis | ||||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 1.17 | 0.342–4.006 | 0.802 | |||
| Gleason score | ||||||
| ≤7 | Reference | |||||
| ≥8 | 6.059 | 0.818–44.86 | 0.078 | |||
| Baseline PSA | ||||||
| ≤Median | Reference | Reference | ||||
| >Median | 2.517 | 1.084–5.840 | 0.032 | 2.507 | 0.958–6.563 | 0.061 |
| Concurrent ADT | ||||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.335 | 0.133–0.845 | 0.02 | 0.346 | 0.125–0.958 | 0.041 |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ECOG PS, European Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; HT, hormonal treatment; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; ADT, androgen deprivation therapy.