Table1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia
| Characteristics | PHAMOUS sample (N=1545) | International dataset from 9 centers (N=490) | International dataset with imaging (N=147) | Statistics | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age (years)a | 44.15 (11.42) | 33.82 (10.28) | 34.89 (11.67) | 183.51 | <.001 |
| Gender (male/female) | 1108/437 | 333/157 | 102/45 | 2.45 | .292 |
| Illness during (years)b | 18.22 (10.54) | 9.13 (8.98) | 11.37 (10.36) | 134.71 | <.001 |
| PANSS | |||||
| Positivec | 12.48 (4.91) | 14.24 (5.76) | 15.36 (5.50) | 37 | <.001 |
| Negative | 14.60 (6.20) | 14.67 (7.21) | 15.07 (6.06) | 0.375 | .687 |
| Generald | 26.70 (8.16) | 29.10 (11.34) | 30.93 (10.97) | 23.67 | <.001 |
| Illness severity (Total PANSS)e | 53.78 (16.35) | 58.01 (21.87) | 61.36 (19.57) | 19.48 | <.001 |
| P3 item (hallucinations)f | 2.30 (1.47) | 2.66 (1.83) | 3.22 (1.91) | 28.18 | <.001 |
| Medicationg | |||||
| Atypical antipsychotics | NA | 167 (34.1%) | 110 (74.8%) | ||
| Typical antipsychotics | NA | 26 (5.3%) | 8 (5.4%) | ||
| Both A & T | NA | 16 (3.3%) | 9 (6.1%) | ||
| None or unknown | NA | 281 (57.3%) | 20 (25.9%) | ||
| Current antipsychotic medicationh | NA | 19.64 (14.15) | 19.30 (12.57) |
Data are mean (SD), or n (%). p-values in bold indicate a significance of p < .05. Except for gender, which was based on χ2 test, other statistics were all based on one-way ANOVA analyses. Of note, since the detailed medication information was missing for several patients in different proportions for those with or without imaging data in the international dataset, statistical comparisons were not conducted.
Post-hoc analysis after one-way ANOVAs showing significant pair-wise differences among the three datasets:
PHAMOUS > International sample = International sample with imaging at p < .05, Bonferroni corrected.
PHAMOUS > International = International with imaging at p < .05, Bonferroni corrected.
Information of illness duration was available for 1326 patients in the PHAMOUS sample, 393 patients in the international sample
PHAMOUS < International sample = International sample with imaging at p< .05, Bonferroni corrected.
PHAMOUS < International sample = Internationalsample with imaging at p< .05, Bonferroni corrected.
PHAMOUS < International sample = Internationalsample with imaging at p< .05, Bonferroni corrected.
PHAMOUS < International sample < Internationalsample with imaging at p< .05, Bonferroni corrected.
211 patients with medication information in the whole international sample. 149 patients with also illness duration information were included in the ANOVA analysis.
demonstrated in olanzapine-equivalent dosage (mg/day).
Abbreviations: PANSS, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; A, atypical antipsychotics; T, typical antipsychotics; NA, not available.