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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2019 Jul 8;535:179–188. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.07.008

Figure 5. N1 VLP vaccination prevents lung inflammation due to heterologous rgH5N1 virus infection.

Figure 5.

Inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cellular phenotypes were determined in BALF and lung samples collected at 7 dpi with rgH5N1 virus. (A-E) ELISA of cytokines and chemokines in BALF and lungs. (A) TNF-α. (B) IL-6. (C) IFN-γ. (D) IL-5. (E) chemokine CXCL/KC. (F-I) Phenotypes of cellular infiltrates as determined by flow cytometry. (F) Monocytes (CD11b+Ly6chiF4/80+). (G) Neutrophils (CD11b+Ly6c+F4/80−). (H) Eosinophils (CD11b+CD11c+SiglecF+). (I) Activated dendritic cells (aDCs, CD45+CD11b+MHCII+). Naïve: unvaccinated mice without virus infection. sPR8: split sPR8 vaccinated mice with rgH5N1 virus infection. N1 VLP: N1 VLP vaccinated mice with rgH5N1 virus infection. Naïve inf: unvaccinated mice with rgH5N1 virus infection. Statistical significance was determined by using one-way and dunnett’s multiple comparison test ANOVA. Data (n=4) are representative of individual animal out of two independent experiments. Error bars indicate the means ± SEM. *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001.