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. 2020 Jan 8;8(12):582–592. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.812.BJR-2019-0038.R1

Table IV.

Table reporting the response of genes or proteins involved in OA for all studies in which data were reported, the source tissue for the analysis, and the detection methods

Gene/protein Source tissue Method Increase in HFD versus CD (p < 0.05) No statistically significant difference between HFD and CD Decrease in HFD versus CD (p < 0.05)
Proinflammatory cytokines
IL-1α Serum ELISA N/A 2 studies33,34 N/A
IL-1β Knee joint GE 2 studies27,29 N/A N/A
IL-1β Serum ELISA N/A 2 studies12,33 N/A
IL-6 Knee joint;5 visceral adipose6 GE 1 study5 1 study6 N/A
IL-6 Serum ELISA 1 study12 N/A N/A
IL-8 or KC Serum ELISA N/A 1 study12 N/A
IL-13 Knee joint GE 1 study27 N/A N/A
IFNγ Serum ELISA N/A 3 studies12,33,34 N/A
TNF-α Knee joint GE 3 studies5,27,31 1 study6 N/A
TNF-α Serum ELISA Excluded N/A N/A
NLRP3 Knee joint GE 1 study29 N/A N/A
CCL2 or MCP-1 Knee joint;27 visceral adipose6 GE 1 study27 1 study6 N/A
CCL3 or MIP1α Knee joint GE 1 study27 1 study34 N/A
CCL7 or MCP-3 Knee joint GE 1 study27 N/A N/A
CD11c Visceral adipose GE N/A 1 study6 N/A
Casp1 Knee joint GE 1 study27 N/A N/A
CCR1 or CD191 Knee joint GE N/A 1 study27 N/A
CCR3 Knee joint GE N/A 1 study27 N/A
CCR5 Knee joint GE N/A 1 study27 N/A
MIG or CXCL9 Serum ELISA 1 study33 N/A N/A
IL-12 Serum ELISA N/A 1 study34 N/A
IL-12p70 Serum ELISA 1 study12 N/A N/A
F4/80 Visceral adipose GE N/A 1 study6 N/A
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
IL-4 Knee joint GE N/A 1 study27 N/A
IL-4 Serum ELISA N/A N/A 1 study33
IL-10 Knee joint GE N/A 1 study27 N/A
IL-10 or CXCL10 Serum ELISA N/A 2 studies12,33 N/A
IL-1Ra Serum ELISA 1 study33 1 study33 N/A
Proteins directly involved with cartilage metabolism
TGF-β1 Knee joint GE 1 study5 N/A N/A
TGF-β1 Serum ELISA N/A 1 study6 N/A
VEGF-a Knee joint GE 2 studies5,31 N/A N/A
ColX Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
SOX9 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
MMP13 Knee articular cartilage IHC 1 study29 N/A N/A
MMP13 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
MMP3 Knee joint GE 1 study27 N/A N/A
TIMP-3 Knee joint GE 1 study27 N/A N/A
TIMP-3 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
Lipocalin2 Knee joint GE 1 study31 N/A N/A
Nampt Knee joint GE 2 studies5,31 N/A N/A
PGE2 Serum ELISA N/A N/A N/A
p-PKCδ Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
p-ERK1/2 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
RUNX2 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
bFGF Serum ELISA N/A 1 study33 N/A
ADAMTS5 Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
iNOS Knee joint GE 1 study29 N/A N/A
p-NF-κB Knee articular cartilage IHC N/A 1 study30 N/A
Adipokines involved in obesity and inflammatory processes
Leptin Knee joint GE 2 studies5,31 N/A N/A
Leptin Serum ELISA 3 studies4,6,33 1 study34 N/A
Adiponectin Knee joint GE N/A 1 study12 N/A
Adiponectin Serum ELISA 1 study33 N/A 1 study12
Resistin Serum ELISA N/A Undetected12 N/A
Chemerin Knee joint GE 1 study31 N/A N/A
Insulin Serum ELISA 2 studies4,6 N/A N/A

OA, osteoarthritis; HFD, high-fat diet; CD, control diet; IL, interleukin; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; N/A, not applicable; GE, gene expression; KC, keratinocyte-derived chemokine; IFNγ, interferon gamma; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; NRLP3, NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3; CCL, chemokine ligand; MCP, monocyte-chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; CD11c, integrin alpha X; Casp1, caspase-1; CCR, C-C chemokine receptor; MIG, monokine induced by gamma; CXCL, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand; F4/80, adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1; IL-1RA, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta 1; VEGF-a, vascular endothelial growth factor-a; IHC, immunohistochemistry; ColX, collagen X; SOX9, SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9; MMP, matrix metallopeptidase; TIMP-3, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3; Nampt, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; p-PKCδ, phospho-protein kinase C delta; p-ERK1/2, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2; RUNX2, Runt-related transcription factor 2; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; ADAMTS5, a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 motifs, member 5; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; p-NF-κB; phospho-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells