Table 2.
Means and mixed model analysis of DTCmotor during all Dual Task conditions.
| Group | Digit Span (mean ± SD) | Subtraction (mean ± SD) | Vigilance (mean ± SD) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | Fu | Pre | Post | Fu | Pre | Post | Fu | ||
|
Walk
DTCmotor (%) |
DTT | 13.5 ± 7.6 (n = 18) |
8.6 ± 7.8 (n = 18) |
7.2 ± 10.0 (n = 19) |
17.1 ± 9.5 (n = 18) |
12.9 ± 10.0 (n = 18) |
10.2 ± 7.1 (n = 19) |
7.8 ± 5.6 (n = 17) |
4.4 ± 5.2 (n = 18) |
3.9 ± 7.0 (n = 19) |
| SMT | 12.1 ± 10.5 (n = 19) |
13.4 ± 9.5 (n = 18) |
14.2 ± 8.6 (n = 19) |
14.8 ± 8.3 (n = 18) |
17.4 ± 8.8 (n = 18) |
17.5 ± 9.5 (n = 19) |
9.9 ± 9.7 (n = 19) |
8.7 ± 6.5 (n = 18) |
7.4 ± 6.7 (n = 19) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.286 | G: 0.171 | T*G: 0.015 * | T: 0.129 | G: 0.169 | T*G: 0.006* | T: 0.026* | G: 0.090 | T*G: 0.699 | |
|
Walk
Speed (m/s) |
DTT | 0.97 ± 0.23 (n = 19) |
1.09 ± 0.22 (n = 18) |
1.05 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
0.93 ± 0.23 (n = 19) |
1.04 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
1.02 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
1.04 ± 0.25 (n = 18) |
1.14 ± 0.22 (n = 18) |
1.08 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
| SMT | 0.92 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.97 ± 0.24 (n = 18) |
0.94 ± 0.23 (n = 20) |
0.92 ± 0.25 (n = 18) |
0.92 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
0.90 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
0.95 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
1.02 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
1.01 ± 0.25 (n = 20) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.021* | G: 0.175 | T*G: 0.081 | T: 0.059 | G: 0.158 | T*G: 0.077 | T: 0.019 * | G: 0.200 | T*G: 0.237 | |
|
Cup
DTCmotor (%) |
DTT | 7.7 ± 9.0 (n = 17) |
7.2 ± 9.1 (n = 18) |
4.6 ± 12.6 (n = 19) |
11.2 ± 11.8 (n = 16) |
10.1 ± 8.2 (n = 18) |
7.8 ± 11.7 (n = 18) |
3.3 ± 6.6 (n = 17) |
3.3 ± 8.3 (n = 18) |
2.3 ± 7.4 (n = 19) |
| SMT | 9.7 ± 14.7 (n = 19) |
14.1 ± 9.0 (n = 18) |
13.6 ± 6.3 (n = 19) |
15.2 ± 17.0 (n = 19) |
20.4 ± 10.5 (n = 18) |
18.1 ± 8.0 (n = 19) |
0.5 ± 11.3 (n = 19) |
8.8 ± 8.4 (n = 18) |
8.7 ± 6.5 (n = 19) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.675 | G: 0.026 * | T*G: 0.227 | T: 0.501 | G: 0.011 * | T*G: 0.340 | T: 0.033 * | G: 0.126 | T*G: 0.013 * | |
|
Cup
Speed (m/s) |
DTT | 0.93 ± 0.26 (n = 19) |
1.03 ± 0.27 (n = 18) |
1.01 ± 0.29 (n = 20) |
0.88 ± 0.26 (n = 18) |
1.00 ± 0.27 (n = 18) |
0.97 ± 0.28 (n = 19) |
0.97 ± 0.28 (n = 19) |
1.07 ± 0.25 (n = 18) |
1.03 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
| SMT | 0.88 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.91 ± 0.24 (n = 18) |
0.88 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.82 ± 0.25 (n = 20) |
0.85 ± 0.24 (n = 18) |
0.83 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.96 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.98 ± 0.28 (n = 18) |
0.93 ± 0.27 (n = 20) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.126 | G: 0.164 | T*G: 0.115 | T: 0.113 | G: 0.087 | T*G: 0.155 | T: 0.622 | G: 0.347 | T*G: 0.101 | |
|
Obstacles
DTCmotor (%) |
DTT | 9.9 ± 9.9 (n = 17) |
4.0 ± 7.7 (n=18) |
4.7 ± 10.0 (n = 18) |
10.2 ± 7.4 (n = 17) |
7.3 ± 8.5 (n = 18) |
6.8 ± 9.4 (n = 19) |
3.5 ± 9.5 (n = 18) |
−0.1 ± 5.1 (n = 18) |
1.4 ± 8.1 (n = 19) |
| SMT | 8.7 ± 7.9 (n = 19) |
10.7 ± 11.5 (n = 18) |
9.2 ± 7.8 (n = 19) |
10.8 ± 10.4 (n = 19) |
14.9 ± 9.3 (n = 18) |
11.8 ± 12.3 (n = 19) |
2.2 ± 6.7 (n = 19) |
6.1 ± 8.8 (n = 18) |
5.1 ± 4.1 (n = 19) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.329 | G: 0.189 | T*G: 0.072 | T: 0.576 | G: 0.090 | T*G: 0.211 | T: 0.957 | G: 0.101 | T*G: 0.064 | |
|
Obstacles
Speed (m/s) |
DTT | 0.81 ± 0.24 (n = 18) |
0.95 ± 0.22 (n = 18) |
0.92 ± 0.24 (n = 19) |
0.79 ± 0.21 (n = 18) |
0.92 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
0.89 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
0.86 ± 0.26 (n = 19) |
0.99 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
0.94 ± 0.25 (n = 20) |
| SMT | 0.79 ± 0.26 (n = 20) |
0.82 ± 0.22 (n = 18) |
0.80 ± 0.23 (n = 19) |
0.77 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
0.78 ± 0.22 (n = 18) |
0.75 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
0.85 ± 0.25 (n = 20) |
0.86 ± 0.23 (n = 18) |
0.82 ± 0.24 (n = 20) |
|
| p-values | T: 0.017* | G: 0.162 | T*G: 0.004* | T: 0.156 | G: 0.100 | T*G: 0.031* | T: 0.105 | G: 0.179 | T*G: 0.006 * | |
Significant at < 0.05 (*). Abbreviations: DTT: dual task training; SMT: single mobility training; DTC: dual task cost; FU: follow-up; T: time; G: group; T*G: interaction term.