Table 2.
Summary of Microvascular Changes Reported in the Literature Comparing Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients and Unaffected Controls.
| OCTA | Size of OCTA Images (mm) | Groups | N, Eyes (n with CME +) | Age | BCVA | SCP VD * | DCP VD * | CC VD | FAZ Size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Years ± SD | p-Value | Mean logMAR ± SD | p-Value | Mean % ± SD | p-Value | Mean % ± SD | p-Value | Mean % ± SD | p-Value | Mean mm2 ± SD | p-Value | ||||
| Toto, 2016 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue | 3 × 3 | RP | 26 | 40.1 ± 7.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 42.2 ± 3.4 | <0.001 | 42.7 ± 6.2 | <0.001 | 65.3 ± 2.7 | 0.02 | NA | |
| Control | 24 | 42.2 ± 6.5 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 51.4 ± 2.3 | 56.6 ± 2.2 | 67.2 ± 1.4 | |||||||||
| Battaglia Parodi, 2016 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Triton | 3 × 3 | RP | 32 (2) | 53 ± 18 | NA | 0.5 ± 0.3 | NA | 29.5 ± 6.8 | 0.009 | 28.7 ± 7.5 | 0.001 | 51 ± 4.4 | 0.7 | Sup: 0.28 ± 0.13 Deep: 0.54 ± 0.21 |
Sup: 0.4 Deep: 0.001 |
| Control | 30 | 53 ± 17 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 34.1 ± 4.3 | 35.5 ± 5.7 | 51.3 ± 2.2 | Sup: 0.24 ± 0.13 Deep: 0.24 ± 0.16 |
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| Sugahara, 2017 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue | 3 × 3 | RP | 68 (0) | 49.9 ± 17.6 | 0.25 | 0.16 ± 0.38 | <0.001 | Parafoveal: 47.0 ± 4.9 | <0.001 | Parafoveal: 52.4 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | 61.1 ± 2.8 | 0.3 | Sup: 0.34 ± 0.20 Deep: 0.43 ± 0.15 |
Sup: 0.03 Deep: 0.02 |
| Control | 32 | 54.4 ± 19.9 | −0.11 ± 0.09 | Parafoveal: 55.1 ± 3.1 | Parafoveal: 60.4 ± 3.1 | 61.5 ± 1.4 | Sup: 0.28 ± 0.08 Deep: 0.356 ± 0.114 |
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| Alnawaiseh, 2017 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue | 6 × 6 | RP | 20 (0) | 42.4 ± 14.1 | 0.917 | 0.54 ± 0.38 | <0.001 | 43.8 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | 43.4 ± 6.7 | <0.001 | 85.6 ± 11.9 | 0.005 | 0.5 ± 0.29 | 0.02 |
| Control | 21 | 41.5 ± 13.5 | 0.0 ± 0.06 | 52.8 ± 2.9 | 60.0 ± 3.0 | 94.4 ± 6.9 | 0.29 ± 0.15 | ||||||||
| Koyanagi, 2018 (p) ~ | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue | 3 × 3 | RP | 73 (0) | 43 (13–68) | 0.161 | 0 (−0.2–0.7) | NA | Foveal: 27.1 (11.9–45.8) Parafov: 43.8 (34.6–54.6) |
Foveal: 0.049 Parafov: <0.001 |
Foveal 24.5 (8.32–45.8) Parafov: 50.1 (39.7–61.1) |
Foveal: 0.757 Parafov: <0.001 |
NA | Sup: 0.23 (0.08–1.05) Deep: 0.24 (0.09–1.10) |
Sup: 0.3 Deep: 0.9 |
|
| Control | 36 | 38 (27–61) | N/A | Foveal: 29.1 (22.2–40.1) Parafov: 54.7 (41.0–61.1) |
Foveal 24.7 (17.7–34.1) Parafov: 61.7 (55.0–65.5) |
Sup: 0.23 (0.09–0.37) Deep: 0.25 (0.11–0.45) |
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| Inooka, 2018 (R) | |||||||||||||||
| Cirrus | 3 × 3 | RP | 53 ^ | 48.3 ± 17.3 | 0.32 | 0.2 ± 0.26 | <0.001 | PD: 0.3854 ± 0.0166 VLD: 20.2 ± 1.2 |
PD: <0.001 VLD: <0.001 |
PD: 0.293 ± 0.048 VLD: 14.8 ± 2.7 |
PD: <0.001 VLD: <0.001 |
NA | 0.309 ± 0.091 | <0.001 | |
| Control | 46 | 52.7 ± 15.4 | −0.001 ± 0.02 | PD: 0.4166 ± 0.0080 VLD: 22.6 ± 0.8 |
PD: 0.348 ± 0.030 VLD: 18.4 ± 1.8 |
0.231 ± 0.065 | |||||||||
| Takagi, 2018 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue | 3 × 3 | RP | 50 (0) | 46.8 ± 12.6 | 0.33 | 0.11 ± 0.07 | 0.69 | Flow area: 3.99 ± 0.38 | 0.007 | Flow area: 4.06 ± 0.71 | 0.004 | Flow area: 5.43 ± 0.17 | 0.353 | Sup: 0.30 ± 0.09 Deep: 0.41 ± 0.13 |
Sup: 0.006 Deep: 0.2 |
| Control | 22 | 50.3 ± 10.0 | 0.08 ± 0.05 | Flow area: 4.32 ± 0.27 | Flow area: 4.44 ± 0.37 | Flow area: 5.47 ± 0.13 | Sup: 0.36 ± 0.07 Deep: 0.42 ± 0.09 |
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| Wang, 2019 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Cirrus | 3 × 3 | RP | 40 | 38.7 ± 10.5 | NA | NA | VAD: Fovea: 20.5 ± 5.4 Temp: 35.5 ± 4.2 Sup: 36.9 ± 3.8 Nasal: 36.6 ± 3.8 Inf: 36.7 ± 4.2 |
All: <0.001 | NA | NA | 0.6 ± 0.4 | <0.01 | |||
| Control | 26 | 42.3 ± 15.7 | VAD: Fovea: 27.5 ± 5.5 Temp: 45.1 ± 1.8 Sup: 46.6 ± 1.8 Nasal: 45.8 ± 1.8 Inf: 45.9 ± 1.9 |
0.3 ± 0.1 | |||||||||||
| Hagag, 2019 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Optovue (projection resolved) | 6 × 6 | RP | 20 (0) | 49.6 ± 22.8 | NA | 0.11 ± 0.16 | <0.002 | SVC perifovea: 65.9 ± 4.7 | 0.56 | ICP perifovea: 43.7 ± 7.3 DCP perifovea: 17.7 ± 7.7 |
ICP: 0.1 DCP: <0.001 |
NA | NA | ||
| Control | 34 | 48.5 ± 23.7 | −0.04 ± 0.09 | SVC perifovea: 65.7 ± 5.2 | ICP perifov: 46.7 ± 7.1 DCP perifovea: 25.9 ± 5.7 |
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| Guduru, 2018 (p) | |||||||||||||||
| Cirrus | 6 × 6 | RP | 70 | 28.5 ± 13.2 | 0.8 | 0.32 | NA | NA | NA | FV area: 0.33 ± 0.12 | <0.001 | NA | |||
| Control | 37 | 29.1 ± 5.9 | NA | FV area: 0.18 ± 0.1 | |||||||||||
OCTA: optical coherence tomography angiography; CME: cystoid macular edema; BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; SCP: superficial capillary plexus; VD: vessel density; DCP: deep capillary plexus; CC: choriocapillaris; FAZ: foveal avascular zone; SD: standard deviation; p: prospective; R: retrospective; NA: not available; PD: perfusion density; VLD: vessel length density; VAD: vessel area density; FV: flow void + If available * Unless specified, values reported are for whole en face image ~ All values in this study expressed as median (range) ^ Under methods, eyes with segmentation errors caused by macular edema were excluded. Thus, it is not clear if all eyes with macular edema were excluded.