Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and in-hospital complications of the study patients according to the occurrence of acute kidney injury.
| Variable | Acute Kidney Injury | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | p Value | |
| (n = 1829) | (n = 234) | ||
| Age (years) | 66 ± 12 | 74 ± 11 | <0.0001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 1351 (74%) | 165 (71%) | 0.27 |
| Body weight (kg) | 76 ± 14 | 76 ± 16 | 0.88 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 386 (21%) | 87 (37%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1157 (63%) | 178 (76%) | 0.0001 |
| Smokers, n (%) | 1003 (55%) | 95 (41%) | <0.0001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 900 (49%) | 129 (55%) | 0.09 |
| Prior myocardial infarction, n (%) | 451 (25%) | 82 (35%) | 0.0006 |
| Prior CABG, n (%) | 210 (11%) | 41 (18%) | 0.007 |
| Prior PCI, n (%) | 450 (25%) | 66 (28%) | 0.22 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 51 ± 11 | 41 ± 14 | <0.0001 |
| STEMI, n (%) | 885 (48%) | 131 (56%) | 0.03 |
| CA/PCI during hospitalization, n (%) | 1724 (94%) | 206 (88%) | 0.0006 |
| Laboratory values at hospital admission | |||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 80 ± 26 | 63 ± 30 | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.8 | 13.1 ± 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 146 ± 57 | 192 ± 88 | <0.0001 |
| hs-TnI (ng/L) | 5223 ± 20,634 | 12,992 ± 50,065 | <0.0001 |
| Medication before hospital admission | |||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 642 (35%) | 108 (46%) | 0.0009 |
| Statins, n (%) | 601 (33%) | 90 (38%) | 0.11 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 632 (28%) | 100 (24%) | 0.01 |
| ACE/AR blockers, n (%) | 718 (35%) | 93 (40%) | 0.89 |
| Oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 91 (5%) | 17 (7%) | 0.29 |
| In-hospital complications | |||
| In-hospital death, n (%) | 9 (0.5%) | 30 (13%) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 58 (3%) | 59 (25%) | <0.0001 |
| Acute pulmonary edema, n (%) | 115 (6%) | 99 (42%) | <0.0001 |
| Combined clinical endpoint, n (%) | 141 (8%) | 119 (51%) | <0.0001 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 32 (2%) | 46 (20%) | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 147 (8%) | 62 (26%) | <0.0001 |
| VT/VF, n (%) | 127 (7%) | 41 (18%) | <0.0001 |
| High-degree CD, n (%) | 60 (3%) | 14 (6%) | 0.04 |
| Major bleeding, n (%) | 41 (2%) | 31 (13%) | <0.0001 |
| ICCU length of stay (days) * | 4 (3–4) | 5 (4–8) | <0.001 † |
ACE—angiotensin-converting enzyme; AR—angiotensin II receptor; CA—coronary angiography; CABG—coronary artery bypass graft; CD—conduction disturbances; eGFR—estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-TnI—high-sensitivity troponin I; ICCU—intensive cardiac care unit; PCI—percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI—ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; VF—ventricular fibrillation; and VT—ventricular tachycardia. * Median and interquartile range. † By non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test.