Table 2.
Predictors of all-cause mortality using the Cox proportional hazards model.
| Parameter | Univariate | Multivariate (Forward) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (+ 13.74 year) | 2.949 (2.494–3.486) | <0.001 | 3.159 (2.524–3.952) | <0.001 |
| Male gender (male vs. female) | 1.109 (0.852–1.444) | 0.44 | 1.573 (1.152–2.150) | 0.004 |
| Diabetes mellitus (yes vs. no) | 2.275 (1.750–2.957) | <0.001 | 2.411 (1.773–3.278) | <0.001 |
| Mean blood pressure (+13.80 mmHg) | 1.120 (0.983–1.276) | 0.09 | 1.300 (1.101–1.534) | 0.002 |
| Total cholesterol (−40.68 mg/dL) | 0.741 (0.631–0.872) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Heart rate (+12.20 beat/minute) | 1.242 (1.096–1.407) | 0.001 | – | – |
| Smoking (ever vs. no) | 0.775 (0.518–1.158) | 0.21 | ||
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin use | 1.252 (0.954–1.642) | 0.11 | ||
| Beta blocker use | 1.037 (0.796–1.351) | 0.79 | ||
| Calcium channel blocker use | 1.127 (0.865–1.468) | 0.38 | ||
| ACEI use | 1.142 (0.736–1.773) | 0.55 | ||
| ARB use | 1.044 (0.804–1.354) | 0.75 | ||
| Diuretic use | 1.886 (1.449–2.454) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Study Group | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Group 2 vs. Group 1 | 3.810 (2.307–6.292) | <0.001 | 1.954 (1.049–3.638) | 0.035 |
| Group 3 vs. Group 1 | 3.459 (2.516–4.756) | <0.001 | 1.150 (0.764–1.730) | 0.50 |
| Group 4 vs. Group 1 | 10.854 (7.014–16.797) | <0.001 | 4.693 (2.745–8.022) | <0.001 |
The HRs of continuous variables were calculated as a standard deviation change. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; other abbreviations as in Table 1.