Table 1.
Baseline demographic and laboratory data and renal histopathology of acute tubular necrosis patients with and without total recovery of renal function within three months.
| Characteristics | Total Recovery (n = 12) | Nonrecovery or Death a (n = 34) | p b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 46.2 ± 21.7 | 56.8 ± 17.8 | 0.15 b |
| Male (n (%)) | 8 (66.7%) | 21 (61.8%) | 0.76 c |
| Diabetes mellitus (n (%)) | 1 (8.3%) | 13 (38.2%) | 0.05 d |
| Hypertension (n (%)) | 2 (16.7%) | 10 (29.4%) | 0.33 d |
| Heart failure (n (%)) | 0 (0%) | 3 (8.8%) | 0.39 d |
| Severity of AKI | 3 (25%) | 8 (23.5%) | 0.60 d |
| AKIN stage I (n (%)) | 9 (75%) | 26 (76.5%) | |
| AKIN stage II or III (n (%)) | 46.2 ± 21.7 | 56.8 ± 17.8 | |
| Laboratory data | |||
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.7) | 0.03 b |
| Baseline eGFR (CKD-EPI) (mL/min/1.73m2) | 88.7 (64.7–113.5) | 47.7 (20.7–87.5) | 0.004 b |
| Urinary PCR (mg/g) | 96.4 (30.0–976.0) | 661.5 (100.0–5432.0) | 0.05 b |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.7 (9.1–13.4) | 9.6 (8.7–10.8) | 0.03 b |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 2.6 (1.8–3.2) | 2.8 (2.2–3.3) | 0.57 b |
| Serum cholesterol (mg/dL) | 131 (119.0–260) | 193 (157–252) | 0.33 b |
| Serum triglyceride (mg/dL) | 197.4 ± 132.6 | 165.6 ± 94.6 | 0.53 b |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dL) | 8.6 (7.7–13.4) | 8.4 (6.6–9.6) | 0.44 b |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 137 (133.5–140.0) | 133.5 (131–140) | 0.51 b |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.4 (3.5–4.9) | 3.9 (3.4–4.1) | 0.15 b |
| Histopathology | |||
| Tubular injury score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 0.18 b |
| Tubular atrophy (%) | 0 (0–1.5) | 6 (3–10) | <0.001 b |
| Interstitial inflammation score | 1 (0–1) | 1 (1–1) | 0.06 b |
| Interstitial fibrosis (%) | 7.0 ± 4.9 | 10.4 ± 8.4 | 0.37 b |
| Medications | |||
| ACEI or ARB (n (%)) | 2 (16.7%) | 7 (20.6%) | 0.57 d |
| Immunosuppressants (n (%)) | 2 (16.7%) | 13 (38.2%) | 0.16 d |
Data are expressed as n (%) for categorical data and as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) for continuous data. AKI—acute kidney injury; AKIN—Acute Kidney Injury Network; CKD-EPI—Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; eGFR—estimated glomerular filtration rate; PCR—protein-to-creatinine ratio; ACEI—angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors; ARB —angiotensin II receptor blockers. a Includes partial recoveries and nonrecoveries. b Mann–Whitney U test. c Pearson’s chi-squared test. d Fisher’s exact test.