Figure 3.

Changes in QUICKI (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) and HOMA (homeostasis model assessment index) after the intervention study in the four groups. The p value is for ANCOVA adjusting for baseline values, with post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test (Panels A and C). Sensitivity analysis: baseline-observation carried forward imputation (Panels B and D). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. The data are shown as means (standard deviation). Abbreviations: PAR—physical activity recommendations group; HIIT—high intensity interval training group; HIIT+EMS—HIIT plus whole-body electromyostimulation group.