Table 1.

Summary of studies on antimicrobial effect of bioactive glass.

Author (Year)	Methods	Main Findings
Xu et al. (2015) [15]	MIC and MBC were determined to test the antibacterial effect of a bioactive glass against Streptococcus mutans.	The MBC and MIC of bioactive glass was 37.5 and 18.75 mg/mL, respectively.
Martins et al. (2011) [16]	Three methods (agar diffusion, direct contact, and MIC) were used to determine the antibacterial effect of a bioactive glass-ceramic (Biosilicate) against a wide spectrum of bacteria. The assessed cariogenic species were Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii).	The MIC of Biosilicate ranged from ≤ 2.5 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL in different bacterial species. The best antibacterial effect of Biosilicate was against S. mutans (inhibition halo: 19.0 ± 2.0 mm) and S. mutans clinical isolate (MIC ≤ 2.5 mg/mL).
Jung et al. (2018) [17]	Light absorbance was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of silver-doped bioglass MSN against Lactobacillus casei.	The increasing density of silver-doped bioglass MSN induced reduction of light absorbance. It illustrated that bacterial growth was inhibited.
Siqueira et al. (2019) [18]	Agar dilution method was used to determine the MIC values. The assessed cariogenic species were Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei.	Both the MIC of Bioglass and Biosilicate against S. mutans were 4mg/mL, which was the same as the MIC against L. casei. Bio-FP doped with different cations had different MIC against S. mutans and L. casei: Ag (8 and 4 mg/mL), Mg (2 and 4 mg/mL), Sr (2 and 4 mg/mL), Zn (2 and 4 mg/mL), Ga (2 and 4 mg/mL).

CFU, colony-forming units; MIC: minimal inhibitory concentration; MBC: minimal bactericidal concentration; TCS, triclosan; MSN, mesoporous silica nanoparticle.