Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by uric acid levels in non-DM and DM groups.
| Variable | Non-DM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5 (mg/dL) | 5–7 (mg/dL) | 7–9 (mg/dL) | ≥9 (mg/dL) | p-Value a | |
| Number | 11,545 | 11,895 | 3030 | 250 | |
| Age, years | 42.4 ± 0.2 | 44.3 ± 0.3 | 44.6 ± 0.4 | 45.3 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| Male | 2306 (19.1) | 7556 (63.8) | 2498 (84.6) | 200 (81.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2106 (10.5) | 2347 (10.2) | 680 (10.4) | 75 (17.5) | |
| Current smoker | 2141 (22.1) | 2746 (24.6) | 630 (22.3) | 48 (18.2) | |
| Cancer | 700 (6.9) | 869 (7.5) | 220 (6.6) | 16 (6.3) | |
| Hypertension | 1961 (16.4) | 3232 (26) | 1140 (35.1) | 138 (49.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.0 ± 0.1 | 28.8 ± 0.1 | 30.9 ± 0.2 | 31.6 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| SBP | 118 ± 0.3 | 123 ± 0.2 | 126 ± 0.4 | 126 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 58.4 ± 0.3 | 50.4 ± 0.2 | 46.0 ± 0.3 | 45.9 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | 89.4 ± 0.2 | 92.6 ± 0.2 | 95.3 ± 0.4 | 96.0 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 195.9 ± 0.5 | 201.0 ± 0.7 | 206.6 ± 1.1 | 218.3 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 118.5 ± 1.3 | 152 ± 1.6 | 193.2 ± 4.4 | 241.6 ± 22.4 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.74 ± 0.002 | 0.89 ± 0.003 | 0.97 ± 0.005 | 1.01 ± 0.017 | <0.001 |
| DM | |||||
| Number | 973 | 1141 | 345 | 47 | |
| Age, years | 54.9 ± 0.6 | 57.9 ± 0.5 | 59.7 ± 0.9 | 54.5 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| Male | 370 (37.5) | 585 (50.5) | 194 (57.5) | 27 (63.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 204 (14.6) | 299 (16.1) | 142 (23.3) | 23 (27.5) | |
| Current smoker | 196 (21.4) | 198 (19.8) | 49 (12.4) | 4 (7.5) | |
| Cancer | 98 (12.4) | 137 (12.6) | 51 (14.2) | 8 (12.0) | |
| Hypertension | 510 (47.3) | 781 (67.3) | 268 (75.1) | 45 (91.9) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.5 ± 0.3 | 33.3 ± 0.4 | 34.6 ± 0.5 | 36.3 ± 1.3 | <0.001 |
| SBP | 130 ± 1.1 | 132 ± 0.9 | 132 ± 1.4 | 130 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 51.1 ± 0.7 | 47.7 ± 0.6 | 44.0 ± 0.7 | 40.7 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | 168.4 ± 3.8 | 144.6 ± 2.3 | 136.6 ± 3.8 | 158.0 ± 13.8 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 197.6 ± 2.8 | 196.2 ± 1.9 | 196.3 ± 3.4 | 193.7 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 190.5 ± 10.3 | 208.5 ± 12 | 226.8 ± 14.3 | 260 ± 47.2 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.77 ± 0.006 | 0.88 ± 0.009 | 0.98 ± 0.017 | 1.05 ± 0.048 | <0.001 |
| DM duration, years | 10.8 ± 0.5 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 10.5±0.9 | 7.6±1.3 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; DM = diabetes mellitus; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP = systolic blood pressure. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard error and categorical data are presented as numbers (percentage). a p for trend across higher uric acid categories.