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Anatomy of internal and external urethral sphincters. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is currently becoming the dominant surgical approach in most countries [24], and RALP was associated with better functional outcomes in some studies [25,26,27]. In this regard, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to reappraise the effect of bladder neck preservation (BNP) on early and long-term urinary continence and oncologic outcomes after RALP.
