Table 3.
Risk of DM or hyperglycemia in the presence of PA.
| Control (N = 816), PA (N = 286) |
Control (N = 699), PA without SH (N = 245) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |
| DM | ||||
| Model 1 | 1.61 (1.13–2.30) | 0.008 | 1.56 (1.06–2.31) | 0.024 |
| Model 2 | 1.59 (1.10–2.30) | 0.013 | 1.56 (1.04–2.33) | 0.031 |
| Model 3 | 1.62 (1.10–2.38) | 0.014 | 1.64 (1.08–2.50) | 0.020 |
| Model 4 | 1.63 (1.11–2.39) | 0.013 | 1.65 (1.08–2.51) | 0.020 |
| Hyperglycemia | ||||
| Model 1 | 2.08 (1.58–2.73) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.54–2.78) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 2.12 (1.59–2.82) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.55–2.87) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 2.08 (1.55–2.79) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.50–2.83) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 2.08 (1.55–2.79) | <0.001 | 2.06 (1.50–2.83) | < 0.001 |
The hyperglycemia was defined as DM or pre-diabetes. Model 1: unadjusted model. Model 2: adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. Model 3: adjusted for current smoking status, alcohol intake (≥3 units/day), and regular outdoor exercise (≥30 min/day), in addition to the variables included in Model 2. Model 4: adjusted for the presence of hypokalemia (K < 3.5 mEq/L), in addition to the variables included in Model 3.