Pairwise comparisons of the efficacy and safety of 12 injectable antibiotics. Drugs are reported in alphabetical order. Data are ORs and 95% CIs in each grid. For efficacy, each grid shows the result of efficacy comparison of column-defining drug versus row-defining drug. If both the OR and 95% CI are higher than 1 it indicates that the column-defining drug’s efficacy is better than that of the row-defining drug. For safety, if both the OR and 95% CI are higher than 1 it indicates that the column-defining drug’s safety is worse than that of the row-defining drug. In other words, it means that the column-defining drug more easily induces adverse reactions. To obtain ORs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken. Significant results (the range of 95% CI does not include 1) are in red and green. The certainty of the evidence (according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)) is incorporated in this figure.⊕⊕⊕⊕ High quality. ⊕⊕⊕O Moderate quality. ⊕⊕OO Low quality. ⊕OOO Very low quality. † Downgraded once for study limitations (risk of bias). ‡ Downgraded twice for serious study limitations (risk of bias). * Downgraded once for imprecision. ¶ Downgraded twice for serious imprecision.