TABLE E8.
Association between atopic eczema and anxiety/depression, by severity of atopic eczema vs no atopic eczema
| Cohort/exposure | No. | Events/PYAR | Minimally adjusted HR (99% CI) | Adjusted HR (99% CI) | Additionally adjusted for potential mediators HR (99% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression∗ | |||||
| Without atopic eczema | 1,588,277 | 102,882/8,935,934 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| With atopic eczema | |||||
| Mild | 287,944 | 19,116/1,436,377 | 1.10 (1.07-1.13) | 1.10 (1.08-1.13) | 1.07 (1.04-1.10) |
| Moderate | 135,485 | 10,301/786,352 | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | 1.19 (1.15-1.23) | 1.14 (1.10-1.18) |
| Severe | 24,777 | 1,905/131,389 | 1.25 (1.16-1.35) | 1.26 (1.17-1.37) | 1.17 (1.08-1.28) |
| Anxiety† | |||||
| Without atopic eczema | 1,818,796 | 82,137/10,187,499 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| With atopic eczema | |||||
| Mild | 310,205 | 15,093/1,543,672 | 1.14 (1.11-1.18) | 1.14 (1.11-1.18) | 1.11 (1.07-1.14) |
| Moderate | 147,261 | 7,822/853,452 | 1.22 (1.17-1.26) | 1.21 (1.17-1.26) | 1.15 (1.11-1.20) |
| Severe | 27,538 | 1,368/146,259 | 1.14 (1.05-1.25) | 1.15 (1.05-1.25) | 1.07 (0.97-1.18) |
PYAR, Person-years at-risk.
All models were fitted to patients with complete data for all included variables. Sets without at least 1 exposed and 1 unexposed individual were excluded. HRs were estimated from a Cox regression model with current age as the underlying timescale, stratified by matched set (sex, age, and general practice).
Minimally adjusted: N = 1,980,710 (1,920,172 unique people) in the depression cohort and N = 2,242,905 (2,171,784 unique people) in the anxiety cohort.
Adjusted for current calendar period and IMD at cohort entry (same participants as in minimally adjusted model).
Additionally adjusted for potential mediators: BMI (categorized as normal, 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; underweight, <18.5 kg/m2; overweight, 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; and obese, ≥30.0 kg/m2), smoking status, and alcohol and high-dose corticosteroid use (≥20 mg/d prednisolone equivalent dose), as time-updated variables. N = 1,371,005 individuals (1,322,284 unique people) in the depression cohort and N = 1,583,390 (1,583,390 unique people) in the anxiety cohort.
P values were <.0001 for linearity in all models, and 0.3810, 0.3832, and 0.6983 for departure from linearity in minimally adjusted, confounder-adjusted-, and additionally adjusted for potential mediators models, respectively.
P values were <.0001 for linearity in all models and <.0001 for departure from linearity in all models.