Table 4.

Results of the mixed-model analysis to identify factors associated with changes in bone mineral density over time.

Variable	Estimate	95% CI	p-Value
Male sex	0.025	(0.014; 0.036)	<0.001
Age at diagnose of CD (in years)	−0.003	(−0.005; −0.001)	0.001
Age at DXA scan (in years)	0.002	(<0.001; 0.004)	0.023
Montreal classification of CD:
L1	0
L2	0.006	(−0.012; 0.024)	0.529
L3	−0.001	(−0.013; 0.011)	0.833
B1	0
B2	−0.012	(−0.027; 0.004)	0.132
B3	−0.011	(−0.027; 0.003)	0.122
Disease duration to first DXA scan	−0.003	(−0.005; −0.001)	0.018
First bone density	−0.180	(−0.119; −0.232)	<0.001
Presence of at least one extraintestinal manifestation	0.013	(0.002; 0.024)	0.002
BMI	0.002	(<0.001; 0.003)	0.011
History of anti-TNFα treatment	−0.012	(−0.026; 0.003)	0.118
History of immunomodulator treatment	−0.016	(−0.028; −0.003)	0.012
History of bowel resections	0.013	(0.000; 0.028)	0.050
Steroid treatment during interval	−0.011	(−0.021; −0.001)	0.028
Smoking during interval	−0.007	(−0.021; 0.006)	0.244
Calcium during interval	0.006	(−0.008; 0.019)	0.401
Vitamin D during interval	−0.009	(−0.023; 0.005)	0.219
Bisphosphonates during interval	−0.011	(−0.026; 0.002)	0.094

BMI: body mass index; CD: Crohn’s disease; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; Montreal classification of Crohn’s disease: L1: location ileal; L2: location colonic; L3: location ileal and colonic; L4: location upper gastrointestinal tract; B1: non-stricturing non penetrating behavior; B2: stricturing behavior; B3: penetrating behavior.