Figure 6.

Clinical studies (prospective, placebo-controlled, blinded) investigating the effect of ELF-PEMF treatment on osteoporosis. (A) Forest plot showing ELF-PEMF effects fold of placebo ± 95% C.I.—sum was calculated as described by Neyeloff et al. [107], with weighting based on sample size. (B) Tabular overview of the ELF-PEMF used in the presented studies. (C) Tabular overview of the presented studies including affected bones, basic information on the treatment and follow up, as well as the number of patients investigated. ¹ Automatic PMT Quattro Pro, ASA magnetic field, Arcugnano, Italy; ² XT-2000B therapeutic stimulator, Tianjin xtmed, Tianjin, China; f: frequency; $\Delta {\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{b}}$: burst width; ${\mathrm{f}}_{\mathrm{b}}$: burst repeats; $\Delta {\mathrm{t}}_{\mathrm{p}}$: pulse width; ^# left-right comparison; + ELF-PEMF treatment; - placebo treatment; n.s.: not specified; * obtained from a secondary source.