Table 1.
Overview of technologies to analyze energy metabolism.
| Technology | Analytical Platform | Measurement of | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| RNA sequencing | Numerous analytical platforms available (for review see: [206]) | RNA levels of flux generating enzymes | Hrdlickova et al. [206] |
| Mitochondrial respiration | Seahorse XF bioanalyzer or Oxygraph-2k | Oxygen consumption rate | Nicholls et al. [74] and Hall et al. [75] |
| Radioactive flux tracing | 14C and 3H tracing | Intracellular flux analysis | Veys et al. [81] |
| Metabolomics | GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR | Known metabolites | Zhou et al. [88], Fiehn et al. [89] and Edison et al. [96] |
| Stable isotope tracing | GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR | Enrichment of substrate to metabolome | Pinnick et al. [105], Buescher et al. [106] and Bhinderwala et al. [207] and Mrkley et al. [96] |
| Untargeted metabolomics | LC-MS | Known and unknown metabolites | Zhou et al. [88] |
| In vivo metabolomics | GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR | Metabolites in blood, urine, or tissue extracts | Broekaert et al. [137], Pinnick et al. [105], Huang et al. [150], Wang et al. [153], Roy et al. [154] and Blattman et al. [155] |
| Single-cell metabolomics | MALDI, LSC-MS, SIMS and LAESI | Single-cell metabolome | Laiko et al. [170], Tejedor et al. [171], Kaganman et al. [172] and Shrestha et al. [175] |
| Mitochondrial metabolomics | GC-MS | Mitochondrial metabolome | Gravel et al. [182] and Nonnenmacher et al. [184] |
GC-MS; gas chromatography mass spectrometry, LC-MS; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, NMR; nucleor magnetic resonance, MALDI; matrix-assisted laser desorption, LSC-MS; ive single-cell mass spectrometry, SIMS; secondary ion mass spectrometry, LAESI; laser ablation electronspray ionization.