Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Baseline RHR <70 | Baseline RHR ≥70 | Baseline RHR ≥80 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B‐QR (n = 399) | Placebo (n = 243) | B‐QR (n = 243) | Placebo (n = 129) | B‐QR (n = 85) | Placebo (n = 39) | |
| Age (y) | 61 ± 0.5 | 61 ± 0.6 | 58 ± 0.6 | 59 ± 0.9 | 59 ± 1.1 | 56 ± 1.4 |
| Gender (% male) | 61 | 60 | 56 | 47 | 48 | 41 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 63 | 70 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 69 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.7 ± 0.3 | 32.2 ± 0.3 | 32.9 ± 0.3 | 32.1 ± 0.5 | 32.2 ± 0.6 | 32.5 ± 0.9 |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 5.5 ± 03 | 6.6 ± 0.4* | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 6.1 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.64 ± 0.04 | 6.69 ± 0.06 | 6.93 ± 0.07 | 6.92 ± 0.10 | 7.05 ± 0.11 | 6.84 ± 0.19 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 133 ± 1.6 | 133 ± 2.0 | 143 ± 2.7 | 137 ± 3.3 | 148 ± 5.1 | 136 ± 6.2 |
| Baseline RHR (bpm) | 60 ± 0.3 | 60 ± 0.4 | 78 ± 0.5 | 77 ± 0.6 | 86.5 ± 0.7 | 85.4 ± 0.8 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 130 ± 0.7 | 130 ± 0.8 | 130 ± 0.8 | 128 ± 1.1 | 131 ± 1.5 | 125 ± 1.9* |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 77 ± 0.4 | 77 ± 0.6 | 79 ± 0.6 | 78 ± 0.7 | 78 ± 1.0 | 77 ± 1.4 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 66 ± 0.6 | 67 ± 0.7 | 67 ± 0.8 | 66 ± 1.1 | 66 ± 1.4 | 67 ± 1.8 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.01 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.02 | 1.1 ± 0.02 |
| Hypertension history (% yes) | 69 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 72 | 67 |
Data shown as mean ± standard error of mean.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; RHR, resting heart rate.
*
P < .05 for between‐treatment group (B‐QR vs placebo) within specified baseline RHR category.