| CHS | chalcone synthase |
| CHI | chalcone isomerase |
| F3H | flavanone 3-hydroxylase |
| F3’H | flavonoid 3’-hydroxylase |
| F3’5’H | flavonoid 3’, 5’-hydroxylase |
| DFR | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase |
| ANS | anthocyanidin synthase |
| ANR | anthocyanidin reductase |
| LAR | leucoanthocyanidin reductase |
| NJ | neighbor-joining |
| 2-ODD | 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase |
| pI | theoretical isoelectric point |
| Mw | molecular weight |
| NCBI | the web of National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| 1Y | one-year-old xylem |
| 2Y | two-year-old xylem |
| 3Y | three-year-old xylem |
| 4Y | four-year-old xylem |
| ORF | open reading frames |
| AA | amino acids |
| HPLC | High Performance Liquid Chromatography |