Table 1.

Tuberculosis preventive therapy and antiretroviral therapy co‐administration

TPT regimen	WHO Recommendation for the TPT regimen	Recommended for children	Compatible ART	Supporting evidence and ongoing DDI trials	Knowledge gaps
IPT	Strong recommendation	Any age	Any		Ideal length of treatment Use in pregnancy
3HR	Strong recommendation	Any age	Any NRTI, possibly including TAF EFV 600 mg QD EFV 400 mg QD with HR DTG 50 mg BID (Adults only) RAL 800 BID	RIFT (TAF + RIF in HV) study 42 STRIDE study 43 Cerrone et al. 37 INSPIRING trial ongoing 44 Taburet et al.45	TAF/FTC + RIF in patients with HIV – study in progress in South Africa
3HP	Conditional recommendation	>2 years old only	EFV 600 mg QD DTG 50 mg QD RAL 400 mg BID	Farenc et al. 46 DOLPHIN study 36 Weiner et al. 47	3HP dosing for children <2 years old 3HP with TAF – healthy volunteer study in progress at US NIH NCT03510468
1HP	Under review	>13 years old only	EFV 600 mg QD	BRIEF‐TB PK study 48	1HP dosing for children <13 years old 1HP with TAF 1HP with dolutegravir – ACTG trial in development (A5372)

1HP, one month daily isoniazid and rifapentine; 3HP, 3 months weekly isoniazid and rifapentine; 3HR, 3 months isoniazid and rifampin; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DDI, drug‐drug interaction; DTG, dolutegravir; EFV, efavirenz; HV, healthy volunteer; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PK, pharmacokinetics; RAL, raltegravir; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide; TPT, tuberculosis preventive therapy; WHO, World Health Organization.