Table 4:
Final adjusted multivariate modeling results for Sniffin’ Stick TDI scoring
| TDI total score (outcome): | Adjusted ƥ | SE | 95% CI | t-test statistic | p-value | R2 | VIF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | |
| Constant term | 35.08 | 1.25 | 32.62, 37.54 | 28.06 | <0.001 | ---- | ---- |
| Any CRS (case subjects) | −0.15 | 0.92 | −1.97, 1.66 | −0.17 | 0.868 | ---- | 1.58 |
| Age (years) | −0.11 | 0.02 | −0.15, −0.07 | −5.01 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.06 |
| Nasal polyposis | −9.07 | 0.98 | −10.99, −7.15 | −9.28 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.55 |
| Asthma | −4.36 | 0.88 | −6.10, −2.63 | −4.96 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.22 |
| Diabetes mellitus (Type I/II) | −2.74 | 1.27 | −5.23, −0.25 | −2.16 | 0.031 | 0.396 | 1.06 |
| Threshold score (outcome): | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Constant term | 7.86 | 0.47 | 6.93, 8.79 | 16.64 | <0.001 | ---- | ---- |
| Any CRS (case subjects) | −1.05 | 0.34 | −1.73, −0.37 | −3.04 | 0.003 | ---- | 1.59 |
| Age (years) | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.05, −0.02 | −4.60 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.03 |
| Hispanic/Latino ethnicity | 1.50 | 0.69 | 0.15, 2.84 | 2.18 | 0.030 | ---- | 1.03 |
| Nasal polyposis | −1.89 | 0.37 | −2.61, −1.18 | −5.19 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.56 |
| Asthma | −1.44 | 0.34 | −2.11, −0.77 | −4.24 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.31 |
| Positive allergy test (mRast/skin prick) | 0.75 | 0.30 | 0.16, 1.35 | 2.48 | 0.013 | 0.289 | 1.21 |
| Discrimination score (outcome): | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Constant term | 12.51 | 0.52 | 11.49, 13.52 | 24.30 | <0.001 | ---- | ---- |
| Any CRS (case subjects) | 0.37 | 0.36 | −0.34, 1.07 | 1.03 | 0.306 | ---- | 1.68 |
| Age (years) | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.06, −0.03 | −5.04 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.02 |
| White/Caucasian | 0.92 | 0.37 | 0.19, 1.65 | 2.47 | 0.014 | ---- | 1.11 |
| Nasal polyposis | −3.28 | 0.37 | −4.00, −2.55 | −8.82 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.58 |
| Asthma | −1.50 | 0.33 | −2.16, −0.85 | −4.51 | <0.001 | 0.343 | 1.24 |
| Identification score (outcome): | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| Constant term | 13.99 | 0.55 | 12.90, 15.07 | 25.37 | <0.001 | ---- | ---- |
| Any CRS (case subjects) | 0.19 | 0.41 | −0.61, 0.99 | 0.47 | 0.640 | ---- | 1.58 |
| Age (years) | −0.04 | 0.01 | −0.06, −0.02 | −3.77 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.06 |
| Nasal polyposis | −3.75 | 0.43 | −4.59, −2.90 | −8.70 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.55 |
| Asthma | −1.79 | 0.39 | −2.56, −1.03 | −4.62 | <0.001 | ---- | 1.22 |
| Diabetes mellitus (Type I/II) | −1.77 | 0.56 | −2.87, −0.67 | −3.16 | 0.002 | 0.348 | 1.06 |
T, olfactory threshold; D, olfactory discrimination; I, olfactory identification; ƥ, effect estimate; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; R2, coefficient of multiple determination (% model variance explained by included cofactors); VIF, variance inflation factor.