Figure 3.

(A) Schematic model of the binding of ConA on mannose‐modified surfaces. In case of low mannose densities, the average distance between residues is too large to enable ConA to bind with two residues. At an intermediate carbohydrate coverage, the distance between mannose residues allows the protein to interact with multiple carbohydrates on the surface. A high ligand density does not lead to a further increase of the amount of protein bound to the surface. Reprinted with permission from ref. [24]. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic representation of the inhibition of CTB binding caused by clustering of GM1. Reprinted with permission from ref. [25]. Copyright 2007 American Chemical Society.