Table 8.
Types of resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) stratified by the T0 viral load.
| Group | T0 HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200–999 | ≥1000 | ||||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Total number testeda | 22 | 100 | 65 | 100 | |
| NRTI RAMs | Any | 3 | 13·6 | 50 | 76·9 |
| Discriminatory | M184V/I | 3 | 13·6 | 48 | 73·8 |
| K65R | – | – | 12 | 18·5 | |
| K70E/G/N | – | – | 7 | 10·8 | |
| L74I/V | 1 | 4·5 | 5 | 7·7 | |
| Y115F | – | – | 3 | 4·6 | |
| TAMs type 1 | M41L | 2 | 9·1 | 12 | 18·5 |
| L210W | 1 | 4·5 | 6 | 9·2 | |
| T215Y | 2 | 9·1 | 9 | 13·8 | |
| TAMs type 2 | D67N/G | 1 | 4·5 | 7 | 10·8 |
| K70R | – | – | 8 | 12·3 | |
| T215F | – | – | 4 | 6·2 | |
| K219Q/E/R | 1 | 4·5 | 14 | 21·5 | |
| T215 revertants | T215D/I/V | – | – | 3 | 4·6 |
| Miscellaneous | E44D | 1 | 4·5 | 2 | 3·1 |
| T69G | – | – | 1 | 1·5 | |
| NNRTI RAMs | Any | 4 | 18·2 | 55 | 84·6 |
| A98G | – | – | 10 | 15·4 | |
| L100I | – | – | 1 | 1·5 | |
| K101E/H/P | – | – | 9 | 13·8 | |
| K103N/S | 3 | 13·6 | 43 | 66·2 | |
| V108I | 1 | 4·5 | 10 | 15·4 | |
| E138G/Q | – | – | 5 | 7·7 | |
| G190A/S | – | – | 8 | 12·3 | |
| Y181C | – | – | 10 | 15·4 | |
| Y188L | – | – | 3 | 4·6 | |
| H221Y | – | – | 4 | 6·2 | |
| P225H | – | – | 16 | 24·6 | |
| F227L | – | – | 3 | 4·6 | |
| M230L | – | – | 5 | 7·7 | |
| K238T | 1 | 4·5 | 6 | 9·2 | |
| Y318F | – | – | 1 | 1·5 | |
| PI RAMsb | Any | 1 | 4·5 | 2 | 3·1 |
| L33F | – | – | 1 | 1·5 | |
| M46I | 1 | 4·5 | 1 | 1·5 | |
| L76V | 1 | 4·5 | – | – | |
| V82A | – | – | 1 | 1·5 | |
| I84V | 1 | 4·5 | – | – | |
Abbreviations: IQR=interquartile range; NNRTI=non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI=nucleos(t)itide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; RAMs=resistance-associated mutations; PI=protease inhibitor; TAMs=thymidine analogue mutations.
a
HIV-1 subtypes comprised CRF02_AG (66/87, 75·9%), CRF06_cpx (9/87, 10·3%), A (5/87, 5·7%), CRF09_cpx (4/87, 4·6%), G (2/87, 2·3%), and D (1/87, 1·1%).
b
The 3 subjects with PI RAMs had received lopinavir/ritonavir for a median of 0·74 years (IQR 0·08–1·34).