Table 4.

Linear relationships between KAM-related measures (independent variable) and VAS pain (dependent variable) according to radiographic disease severity and pelvic drop angle (PDA) in the varus group.

VAS pain	Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis∗			Multivariable analysis†
	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope P value	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope P value	Correlation coefficient	Regression coefficient	Slope P value
Peak KAM (Nm/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)	−0.102	−0.109	0.811	−0.681	−0.729	0.104	−0.769	−0.823	≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)	0.019	0.015	0.894	0.160	0.125	0.153	0.183	0.144	0.109
KL grade 4 (n = 37)	0.175	0.111	0.091	0.179	0.113	0.082	0.163	0.103	0.116
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)	0.346	0.326	0.001	0.284	0.268	0.001	0.262	0.247	0.002
PDA > 3 (n = 32)	0.175	0.144	0.167	0.127	0.104	0.205	0.151	0.125	0.126
KAM impulse (Nm·s/(BW × HT)%)
KL grade 2 (n = 14)	0.158	0.250	0.709	−0.813	−1.284	0.160	−0.878	−1.645	≤0.001
KL grade 3 (n = 26)	0.096	0.119	0.500	0.144	0.180	0.189	0.133	0.166	0.248
KL grade 4 (n = 37)	0.172	0.113	0.098	0.169	0.111	0.102	0.132	0.087	0.274
PDA ≤ 3 (n = 45)	0.388	0.475	≤0.001	0.275	0.336	0.001	0.255	0.312	0.009
PDA > 3 (n = 32)	0.347	0.280	0.005	0.190	0.153	0.066	0.139	0.112	0.207

KL: Kellgren and Lawrence; PDA: pelvic drop angle; KAM: knee adduction moment; BW: body weight; HT: height; VAS: visual analog scale. ^∗Age; ^†age, speed.