(A) Blood glucose levels in diabetic mice after transplantation of human islets cultured ex vivo for 31 days. Transwell- or hydrogel-cultured human islets from the same donor (200 islets per mouse, counted on day 0) were retrieved on day 31 and transplanted under the kidney capsule of STZ-induced diabetic NOD/SCID mice. Three mice were transplanted with Transwell cultured islets, and 2 mice were transplanted with hydrogel-cultured islets. Values are shown as mean ± SEM. Yellow indicates hyperglycemia; green, normoglycemia. Two-tailed t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. (B) Human C-peptide levels in diabetic mice after transplantation. Hydrogel-cultured human islets from the same donor (400 islets per mouse, counted on day 0) were retrieved on day 31 and transplanted into 2 STZ-induced diabetic NOD/SCID mice. Blood samples were collected from mouse tail vein at the indicated time points after transplantation, and human C-peptide levels were measured from serum. Data are shown as mean ± SEM.