TABLE I.
Patient Characteristics*
| Before Adjustment |
After Adjustment |
||||||
| No. of Patients (Unweighted) | Nontrauma Center N = 278 (N = 638 Weighted) | Trauma Center N = 551 (N = 2006 Weighted) | P Value | Nontrauma Center N = 278 (N = 2331 Weighted) | Trauma Center N = 551 (N = 2520 Weighted) | P Value | |
| Age (yr) | |||||||
| Mean, SD | 58.3 ± 33.4 | 40.0 ± 31.1 | <0.0001 | 42.3 ± 63.3 | 42.2 ± 37.8 | 0.96 | |
| <55 | 494 | 35.6% | 81.9% | <0.0001 | 68.2% | 77.1% | 0.17 |
| 55-64 | 81 | 12.6% | 8.9% | 9.6% | 9.2% | ||
| 65-74 | 114 | 17.3% | 5.7% | 9.0% | 7.5% | ||
| 75-84 | 140 | 34.5% | 3.5% | 13.2% | 6.2% | ||
| Sex | <0.0001 | 0.003 | |||||
| Male | 451 | 33.5% | 63.7% | 41.8% | 62.4% | ||
| Female | 378 | 66.5% | 36.3% | 58.2% | 37.6% | ||
| Race | 0.09 | 0.87 | |||||
| Hispanic | 107 | 9.1% | 17.9% | 14.0% | 16.2% | ||
| Non-Hispanic, white | 594 | 81.9% | 61.8% | 70.5% | 64.9% | ||
| Non-Hispanic, non-white | 128 | 9.0% | 20.3% | 15.5% | 18.9% | ||
| Insurance | <0.0001 | 0.21 | |||||
| None | 162 | 10.7% | 30.6% | 18.4% | 27.5% | ||
| Medicare only | 183 | 38.2% | 6.9% | 16.3% | 10.5% | ||
| Medicare and private | 104 | 15.2% | 6.3% | 7.0% | 7.2% | ||
| Private | 295 | 26.4% | 46.3% | 41.5% | 45.4% | ||
| Medicaid | 52 | 4.7% | 5.3% | 10.0% | 4.8% | ||
| Other | 33 | 4.9% | 4.6% | 6.8% | 4.6% | ||
| Injury mechanism | 0.24 | 0.44 | |||||
| Penetrating | 35 | 3.1% | 5.5% | 7.4% | 4.8% | ||
| Blunt | 794 | 96.9% | 94.5% | 92.6% | 95.2% | ||
| First ED motor GCS | 0.0002 | 0.24 | |||||
| 6 | 636 | 93.3% | 75.5% | 73.3% | 78.5% | ||
| 4, 5 | 50 | 3.0% | 7.3% | 4.3% | 6.7% | ||
| 2, 3 | 13 | 0.4% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 1.6% | ||
| 1 (not paralyzed) | 49 | 0.8% | 4.2% | 1.5% | 3.9% | ||
| 1 (paralyzed) | 81 | 2.5% | 11.2% | 19.3% | 9.3% | ||
| Injury Severity Score | |||||||
| Mean, SD | 11.3 ±14.7 | 22.5 ± 22.3 | <0.0001 | 22.3 ± 44.8 | 21.0 ± 25.0 | 0.80 | |
| <16 | 348 | 77.4% | 34.6% | <0.0001 | 42.0% | 40.8% | 0.06 |
| 16-24 | 206 | 12.7% | 27.5% | 22.7% | 25.8% | ||
| 25-34 | 165 | 5.3% | 22.9% | 10.3% | 20.5% | ||
| >34 | 110 | 4.6% | 14.9% | 25.0% | 12.9% | ||
| Maximum AIS | <0.0001 | 0.44 | |||||
| ≤3 | 551 | 89.2% | 63.6% | 65.0% | 67.4% | ||
| 4 | 187 | 7.7% | 24.6% | 17.1% | 22.1% | ||
| 5, 6 | 91 | 3.1% | 11.8% | 17.9% | 10.5% | ||
| Maximum AIS ≥3 | |||||||
| Head region | 164 | 8.2% | 24.0% | <0.0001 | 28.0% | 21.7% | 0.54 |
| Face region | 23 | 1.0% | 3.3% | 0.05 | 3.0% | 3.0% | 0.98 |
| Thoracic region | 319 | 14.7% | 42.0% | <0.0001 | 40.9% | 37.9% | 0.75 |
| Abdominal region | 170 | 4.4% | 24.4% | <0.0001 | 11.8% | 21.3% | 0.02 |
| Upper-extremity region | 111 | 7.7% | 15.4% | 0.002 | 12.8% | 14.8% | 0.53 |
| Lower-extremity region | 487 | 39.5% | 70.5% | <0.0001 | 50.7% | 68.9% | 0.01 |
| Neck region | 2 | 0% | 0.7% | NA | 0.0% | 0.3% | NA |
| Spine region | 55 | 1.7% | 8.9% | 0.001 | 2.9% | 8.0% | 0.02 |
| External region | 3 | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.90 | 0.7% | 0.3% | 0.58 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | <0.0001 | 0.07 | |||||
| 0 | 535 | 50.5% | 76.0% | 69.9% | 72.5% | ||
| 1 | 136 | 17.5% | 16.0% | 12.0% | 16.7% | ||
| 2 | 75 | 13.6% | 4.5% | 9.3% | 6.3% | ||
| ≥3 | 83 | 18.4% | 3.5% | 8.8% | 4.5% | ||
*
SD = standard deviation, ED = emergency department, GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale, AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale, and NA = not applicable.