Table 5:

Available data on mechanical properties of polymers for use in implantable prosthetic heart valves.

Year	Authors(s)	Material	Mechanical properties	References
1958	Roe et al., San Francisco	Silastic No. 50	Tensile strength = 5 MPa Elongation at break = 250% Hardness (Shore A) = 75	[200], [202]
1966	Roe et al., San Francisco	General Electric No. SE-555	Tensile strength = 11 MPa Elongation at break = 850% Hardness (Shore A) = 45 Tear strength = 44 kN/m	[200], [202]
1977	Reul & Ghista, HIA	Avcothane-51	E = 2.4 MPa (100% elongation at 37° C) E = 4.4 MPa (300% elongation at 37° C) Tear strength (Trouser) = 37 kN/m	[163], [166]
1977	Imamura & Kaye, Mayo Clinic	ePTFE	Tensile strength = 413 MPa	[216]
1982	Wisman et al., Penn State	SPU	Tensile strength = 46 MPa Elongation at break = 750% Stress at 100% elongation = 5.9 MPa Hardness (Shore A) = 75	[204], [232]
1987	Hilbert et al., NIH and FDA	Biomer	E = 2.5 MPa (100% elongation at 37° C) E = 4.0 MPa (300% elongation at 37° C) Tear strength (Trouser at 37° C) = 9.6 kN/m Initial modulus E = 7.8 MPa Tensile strength = 44 MPa Tear strength = 70 kN/m	[166], [233] [159]
1987	Herold et al., HIA	Cardiomat 610	Tensile strength = 28.0 MPa Elongation at break = 500% Hardness (Shore A) = 80	[214]
		Mitrathane M2007	Tensile strength = 39.2 MPa Elongation at break = 775% Hardness (Shore A) = 65
		Pampul-3 Ameo	Tensile strength = 49.0 MPa Elongation at break = 605% Hardness (Shore A) = 75
		PUR 1025/1	Tensile strength = 50.6 MPa Elongation at break = 649% Hardness (Shore A) = 87
1995	Leat & Fisher, Leeds	Eurothane 2003	E = 6 MPa	[160], [161], [211]
		IT C34	E = 7-10 MPa
1995	Wheatley et al., Glasgow	Estane® 58201	no data given	[35], [37]
		Estane® 58315	E = 16.2 MPa	[36], [38]
		Elast-Eon™ & variants	E = 5.0–63.6 MPa
2001	Fisher et al., Leeds	Tecothane™ 80A	E = 10 MPa	[39]
2009	Seifalian et al., UCL	POSS-PCU	At 37° C Young’s modulus = 15.9-26.2 MPa Tensile strength = 31.0-55.9 MPa Elongation at break = 762.7-852.4% Tear strength (Die C) = 50.9-63.4 N/mm	[46], [47], [185], [188]
2009	Mohammadi et al., Ontario	PVA-BC	2, 3, and 5-parameter isotropic Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic models based on tensile test data for anisotropic PVA-BC, one set of models for longitudinal direction and another set for circumferential direction	[175], [176], [189], [191]
2010	Bluestein et al, Innovia & Stony Brook	SIBS-Dacron, xSIBS	2-parameter isotropic Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model based on tensile test data xSIBS tensile strength = 5 MPa	[44], [165], [167], [169], [215], [228], [234]
2014	Prawel et al., Colorado State	HA/LLDPE IPN	E = 76.49-99.71 MPa Yield strength = 8.23-9.74 MPa Elongation at break = 476-787% Bending stiffness = 12.93-21.72 nN-m2	[235]
2015	Zhu et al., Singapore	ePTFE	E = 34.17 ± 0.54 MPa	[223]
2019	Guo et al., Shenyang	PEGDA/PET	Storage modulus: Parallel to fibers = ~23.30 MPa Perp. to fibers = ~9.68 MPa	[236]