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. 2020 Jan 8;40(2):369–381. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1953-19.2019

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Copyright © 2020 Torrecillos, Falato et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Figure 2. — Phase-dependent modulation of MEP amplitude. A, B, MEP amplitude as a function of the pre-TMS EEG phase across the beta band in one participant (A) and the group (B). Frequencies showing a significant circular-linear correlation between MEP amplitude and pre-TMS beta phase are encased in black. C, Strength of MEP amplitude modulation across participants for all frequencies from 5 to 75 Hz. Cluster-based permutation test revealed a higher modulation of MEP amplitude from 25 to 28 Hz (denoted by asterisk) compared with surrogate. D, Phase-dependent modulation of MEP amplitude for the same participant as in A in a 3 Hz frequency band centered around fp. E, Phase-dependent modulation of MEP amplitude averaged across all participants. F, Average of MEP amplitude modulation aligned to each respective optimal phase Ph0 and compared with a surrogate (dashed). Paired t tests at Ph0: *p < 0.05. G, CV of MEP amplitude across phase bins when the optimal phases of each participant are aligned. Repeated-measures ANOVA (F_(6,14) = 3.98, p = 0.0015). Paired t test for comparison with surrogate: *p < 0.05. H, Phase-dependent modulation of MEP amplitude when beta pre-TMS beta power is high (median split of all trials) compared with surrogate data or the modulation previously observed at Ph0 when all trials were considered. Paired t tests at Ph0, *p < 0.05.