Table 1. Summary characteristics of included studies for prevention of post-ERCP Pancreatitis.
| Author | Year, place of study | Place of study | Type of manuscript | Study design | Sample size | Mean age of treatment group (years) | Female gender (%) | Primary ERCP indication of bile duct stone (%) | Trial-specific treatment details |
| Rectal NSAID Therapy | |||||||||
| Murray et al. | 2003 | Scotland | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 220 | 55 | 65 % | 25.45 % | Diclofenac 100 mg immediately post-ERCP |
| Sotoudehmanesh et al. | 2007 | Iran | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 490 | 58.4 | 53.90 % | 53.26 % | Indomethacin 100 mg immediately pre-ERCP |
| Otsuka et al. | 2012 | Japan | Full text | Multicenter comparator to placebo | 104 | 75 | 49.04 % | 77.88 % | Diclofenac 25 – 50 mg immediately pre-ERCP |
| Elmunzer et al. | 2012 | United States | Full text | Multicenter comparator to placebo | 602 | 44.4 | 79.07 % | – | Indomethacin 100 mg immediately post-ERCP |
| Dobronte et al. | 2012 | Hungary | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 228 | – | – | – | Indomethacin 100 mg 10 – 15 minutes pre-ERCP |
| Alabd and Abo | 2013 | Sudan | Abstract | Single-center comparator to placebo | 240 | – | – | – | – |
| Dobronte et al. | 2014 | Hungary | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 665 | 66.8 | – | – | Indomethacin 100 mg 10 – 15 minutes pre-ERCP |
| Andrade-Davila et al. | 2015 | Mexico | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 166 | 51.59 | 66.27 % | 39.76 % | Indomethacin 100 mg immediately post-ERCP |
| Patai et al. | 2015 | Hungary | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 574 | 66.25 | 67.16 % | 58.63 % | Indomethacin 100 mg 60 minutes pre-ERCP |
| Lua et al. | 2015 | Malaysia | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 151 | 50.3 | 59.03 % | 56.25 % | Diclofenac 100 mg immediately post-ERCP |
| Luo et al. | 2016 | China | Full text | Multicenter comparator to placebo | 2014 | 62 | 52.42 % | 77.50 % | Indomethacin 100 mg 30 minutes pre-ERCP |
| Levenick et al. | 2016 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 449 | 64.9 | 52.56 % | 27.72 % | Indomethacin 50 mg × 2 during ERCP |
| Ucar et al. | 2016 | Turkey | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 100 | 59 | 66.66 % | 83 % | Diclofenac 100 mg 30 – 90 minutes pre-ERCP |
| Aggressive LR solution | |||||||||
| Buxbaum et al. | 2014 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to standard hydration | 62 | 43 | 51.61 % | 74.20 % | IV LR solution at a rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, a bolus of 20 mL/kg immediately post-ERCP, followed by post-ERCP rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h for 8 h |
| Chuankrekkul et al. | 2015 | Thailand | Abstract | Single-center comparator to standard hydration | 60 | 61.9 | – | – | IV LR solution at a rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, a bolus of 10 mL/kg immediately post-ERCP, followed by post-ERCP rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h for 8 h |
| Shaygan-Nejad et al. | 2015 | Iran | Full text | Single-center comparator to standard hydration | 150 | 49.6 | 66 % | 95.35 % | IV LR solution at a rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, a bolus of 20 mL/kg immediately post-ERCP, followed by post-ERCP rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h for 8 h |
| Rosa et al. | 2016 | Portugal | Abstract | Multicenter comparator to standard hydration | 68 | – | – | – | IV LR solution at a rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, a bolus of 20 mL/kg immediately post-ERCP, followed by post-ERCP rate of 3.0 mL/kg/h for 8 h |
| NCT02050048 | 2016 | United States | – | Multicenter comparator to standard hydration | 26 | 59.1 | 84.62 % | – | Initial bolus LR solution of 7.58 mL/kg pre-ERCP, IV LR solution of 5.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP, following by post-ERCP bolus of 20 mL/kg for 90 minutes |
| Chang et al. | 2016 | Thailand | Abstract | Single-center comparator to standard hydration | 171 | – | – | 50 % | IV LR solution at a rate of 150 mL/h starting 2 h pre-ERCP, and continued during and post-ERCP for 24 h |
| Choi et al. | 2016 | Korea | Full text | Multicenter comparator to standard hydration | 510 | 57.6 | 45.50 % | 53.70 % | Initial bolus LR solution of 10 mL/kg pre-ERCP, IV LR solution of 3.0 mL/kg/h during ERCP and continued 8 h post-ERCP, following by post-ERCP bolus of 10 mL/kg |
| Mok et al. | 2017 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator with multiple therapies* | 48 | 60.25 | 60.60 % | – | Treatment arms included standard normal saline solution vs normal saline plus indomethacin versus LR versus LR plus indomethacin |
| Rectal NSAIDs + LR solution | |||||||||
| Mok et al. | 2017 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator with multiple therapies* | 48 | 60.25 | 60.60 % | – | Treatment arms included standard normal saline solution vs normal saline plus indomethacin versus LR versus LR plus indomethacin |
| Pancreatic stent placement | |||||||||
| Smithline et al. | 1993 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 99 | 46 | 78.79 % | – | 5 – 7 Fr stent, 2 – 2.5 cm in length |
| Tarnasky et al. | 1998 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 80 | 46.05 | – | – | 5 – 7 Fr stent, 2 – 2.5 cm in length |
| Fazel et al. | 2003 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 74 | 44.7 | 86.49 % | – | Nasopancreatic 5 Fr catheter or 5 Fr stent, 2 cm length, 2 barbed |
| Harewood et al. | 2005 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 19 | 48.75 | 63.16 % | – | Straight, single flanged, polyethylene 5 Fr stent, 3 – 5 cm length |
| Sofuni et al. | 2011 | Japan | Full text | Multicenter comparator to placebo | 201 | 66.4 | 37.81 % | – | Straight, 5 Fr stent, 3 cm in length |
| Pan et al. | 2012 | China | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 40 | 58.3 | 52.50 % | – | Single pigtail, 5 Fr stent |
| Lee et al. | 2012 | Korea | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 101 | 57.5 | 62.38 % | 66.33 % | Single pigtail unflanged 3 Fr stent, 4 – 8 cm length |
| Kawaguchi et al. | 2012 | Japan | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 120 | 67 | 56.67 % | 35.83 % | Unflanged on pancreatic duct side, 2 flanges on duodenal side 5 Fr stent, 3 cm length |
| Cha et al. | 2013 | United States | Full text | Single-center comparator to placebo | 151 | 56.6 | 58.94 % | 15.89 % | Straight or external 3/4 pigtail 5 – 7 Fr stent, 2 – 2.5 cm length |
ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; IV, intravenous; LR, lactated ringer’s