Table 2.
Multivariable adjusted associations between patient characteristics and invasion
| Characteristic | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delay from diagnosis to surgery (30-day interval)§ | 140,615 (100) | 1.129 (1.110, 1.148) | < 0.0001 |
| Age (years)§ | |||
| < 50 | 35,662 (25.4) | Ref | < 0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 40,490 (28.8) | 0.807 (0.773, 0.842) | |
| 60–69 | 37,081 (26.4) | 0.761 (0.724, 0.800) | |
| ≥ 70 | 27,382 (19.5) | 0.737 (0.689, 0.787) | |
| Race | |||
| White | 115,163 (81.9) | Ref | 0.1205 |
| Black | 17,042 (12.1) | 1.021 (0.955, 1.091) | |
| Asian | 5769 (4.1) | 0.987 (0.895, 1.088) | |
| Other/unknown | 2641 (1.9) | 0.850 (0.739, 0.977) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non-hispanic | 126,904 (90.2) | Ref | 0.0898 |
| Hispanic | 7016 (5.0) | 1.020 (0.934, 1.114) | |
| Unknown | 6695 (4.8) | 0.874 (0.767, 0.995) | |
| Insurance | |||
| Private | 87,763 (62.4) | Ref | 0.0150 |
| Medicaid | 6245 (4.4) | 1.135 (1.047, 1.230) | |
| Medicare | 41,365 (29.4) | 0.974 (0.922, 1.030) | |
| Uninsured | 2127 (1.5) | 1.026 (0.891, 1.182) | |
| Government | 1499 (1.1) | 0.989 (0.847, 1.154) | |
| Unknown | 1616 (1.1) | 0.780 (0.606, 1.003) | |
| Education* | |||
| > 21% | 17,870 12.7% | Ref | 0.1789 |
| 13–20.9% | 31,550 22.4% | 0.962 (0.893, 1.037) | |
| 7–12.9% | 46,629 33.2% | 1.017 (0.937, 1.105) | |
| < 7% | 43912 31.2% | 1.056 (0.957, 1.164) | |
| Missing | 654 0.5% | 0.795 (0.275, 2.300) | |
| Annual income | |||
| < $38,000 | 18,831 (13.4) | Ref | 0.1761 |
| $38,000–$47,999 | 27,816 (19.8) | 1.083 (1.004, 1.168) | |
| $48,000–$62,999 | 36,940 (26.3) | 1.086 (0.997, 1.183) | |
| ≥ $63,000 | 56,337 (40.1) | 1.064 (0.954, 1.186) | |
| Missing | 691 (0.5) | 1.704 (0.700, 4.148) | |
| Setting | |||
| Large metropolitan | 79,489 (56.5) | Ref | 0.0949 |
| Small metropolitan | 40,922 (29.1) | 0.912 (0.839, 0.991) | |
| Suburban | 10,438 (7.4) | 0.963 (0.864, 1.075) | |
| Rural | 5869 (4.2) | 0.912 (0.803, 1.035) | |
| Unknown | 3897 (2.8) | 1.071 (0.940, 1.220) | |
| Distance to treatment facility (miles) | |||
| ≤ 10 | 78,606 (55.9) | Ref | 0.0008 |
| 11–20 | 33,342 (23.7) | 1.010 (0.964, 1.058) | |
| 21–40 | 16,577 (11.8) | 1.098 (1.021, 1.181) | |
| > 40 | 11,360 (8.1) | 1.243 (1.133, 1.363) | |
| Unknown | 730 (0.5) | 0.668 (0.349, 1.279) | |
| Transfer of care | |||
| No | 86,170 (61.3) | Ref | < 0.0001 |
| Yes | 39,602 (28.2) | 1.234 (1.159, 1.315) | |
| Unknown | 14,843 (10.6) | 1.079 (0.995, 1.170) | |
| Treatment facility annual volume | |||
| 0–17 patients (1st quartile) | 8131 (5.8) | Ref | 0.0002 |
| 18–34 patients (2nd quartile) | 18,054 (12.8) | 1.077 (0.944, 1.229) | |
| 35–67 patients (3rd quartile) | 35,074 (24.9) | 1.119 (0.983, 1.274) | |
| > 67 patients (4th quartile) | 79,356 (56.4) | 1.268 (1.122, 1.434) | |
| Year of diagnosis§ | 140,615 (100) | 1.052 (1.038, 1.065) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | |||
| 0 | 120,676 (85.8) | Ref | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 16,780 (11.9) | 1.133 (1.076, 1.193) | |
| 2 | 2659 (1.9) | 1.279 (1.139, 1.437) | |
| ≥ 3 | 500 (0.4) | 1.181 (0.896, 1.556) | |
| Grade | |||
| Well differentiated | 17,357 (12.3) | Ref | < 0.001 |
| Moderately differentiated | 47,300 (33.6) | 0.534 (0.505, 0.566) | |
| Poorly differentiated | 47,039 (33.5) | 0.252 (0.234, 0.271) | |
| Undifferentiated/anaplastic | 3684 (2.6) | 0.083 (0.065, 0.105) | |
| Unknown | 25,235 (17.9) | 0.354 (0.308, 0.408) | |
| Estrogen receptor status | |||
| Negative | 19,836 (14.1) | Ref | < 0.001 |
| Positive | 107,305 (76.3) | 0.386 (0.366, 0.407) | |
| Unknown | 13,474 (9.6) | 0.104 (0.090, 0.121) | |
CI confidence interval; OR odds ratio; Ref reference group
*Percent of adults without a high school diploma by zip code
§Continuous variable