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. 2020 Jan 8;10:48. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56880-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cytokine expression in offspring’s liver. Hepatic IL1-β (a), TNF-α (b), pJNK (c) and pIKK (d) protein levels were evaluated by ELISA and Western blot in control and obese dams’ offspring (P28). The expression of the cytokines is shown per mg of protein content. Hepatic TNF-α (e) mRNA levels were evaluated by RT-PCR in control and obese dams’ offspring (P28) after treatment with LPS i.p. 1 mg per kg body weight for 72 hours. The percent expression of control (GAPDH) is shown (means ± SD, n = 5 pups per group). Black line of gel (Fig. 2c,d) indicates that gels/blots were cropped from different parts of the same gel. Statistical significance was analysed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), or Student’s t-test for analysis of two groups (p = 0.07).